#1. The tendency for increased litigation was visible after the introduction of the land settlement system of Lord Cornwallis in 1793. the reason for this is normally traced to which of the following provisions?

Making Zamindar’s position stronger Vis-a-Vis the Ryot

Making East India Company an overlord of Zamindars

Making judicial system more e cient

None of the (a), (b) and (c) above

Lord Cornwallis introduced many reforms in the judicial system through the Judicial Plans carried out in 1787, 1790 and 1793 to uproot corruption from judiciary and judicial system more efficient. In the Judicial Plan of 1787, Court fee was introduced to reduce burden on judiciary. is Court fee was the abolished in Judicial Plan of 1793, this became a major reason for increased litigation. Lawyers were to prescribe their fees and ordinary people could sue the Indian government servants if they committed mistakes.

#2. With reference to Ryotwari Settlement, consider the following statements:
1. The rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government.
2. The Government gave Pattas to the Ryots.
3. The lands were surveyed and assessed before being taxed.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

None

Statement 1 is correct. According to the Ryotwari system
introduced by Sir Thomas Munro in Bombay and Madras
presidencies in 1820.
Cultivators were recognized as the land owners
Land revenue was directly taken from them by the
othcials appointed by the company.
The land revenue was revised after conducting surveys
after 20 to 30 years depending on the fertility of the soil.
Statement 2 is correct. The principal tenants (ryots)
were granted ryotwari patta (written records Of land
ownership) without any payment Of compensation and
are required to pay assessment only.
Statement 3 is correct. The original settlements on
Ryotwari lands were made on a detailed survey and
classification Of land. Soils of similar grain values were
classified under groups called ‘taram’ and each taram had
its own rate of assessment.

#3. Consider the following:
1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops.
2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare.
3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies.
Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

1 only

1 and 2

2 and 3

None

Statement 1 is incorrect. Assessment of land revenue on basis of nature of the soil and quality of the crops was
ot introduced into India by the English. In the ancient India, the assessment varied according to the quality of the land and the nature of the crop, and the rate of land revenue was not on the gross produce of
the land but it was computed after taking into account the ross income and also expenditure per unit of land and also after considering the producers’ surplus.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Mughals excelled in the
use of The Mughal emperor Babur conquered
India in 1525 and 1526 using mobile cannons drawn by bullocks, horses, and camels. Thus, mobile cannons were ot introduced into India by the English.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Ihe Portuguese contribution to the diversification of Indian agriculture was substantial. They are credited with introducing into India tobacco,
sweet potatoes, red chillies, pineapples, papayas and
cashewnuts. Thus, it was not introduced into India by the English.

#4. What was/were the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858) ?
1. To disclaim any intention to annex Indian States.
2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown.
3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with India.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

2 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Following the 1857 Rebellion, the East India Company’s rule in India came to an end. Queen
Proclamation of I November 1858 declared thd
thereafter India would be governed by and in the name of the British crown through a of State.
As per the Queen’s proclamation, the era Of annexations and expansion had ended and the British pronised
to respect the dignity and rights of the native princes.
The Indian states were henceforth to the
paramountcy of the British Crown and were to treated
as parts of a single charge
It was by this proclamation that the governor-general
acquired the additional title of ‘Viceroy.
Statement 2 is correct. Queen Victoria’s Prcxlamatk)ll of
I November 1858 declared that thereafter India would
be governed by and in the name of the Ikitish crown
through a Secretary of State. It declared Queen Victoria as the sovereign of British India and provided for the appointment of a
Of State for India (a member of the British cabinet) . The direct responsibility for the administration of the country was assumed by the British Crown and Company rule was
abolished.

Statement 3 is incorrect. It did not provide the
regulation of East India Company’s trade with India.
The proclamation also promised equal and impartial protection under law to all Indians, besides equal opportunities in government services irrespective of race or creed. It was also promised that old Indian rights,
customs and practices would be given due regard while framing and administering the law. The people of India were promised freedom of religion without interference
from British officials.

#5. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule?
1. Lord Cornwallis
2. Alexander Read
3. Thomas Munro
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Under Ryotwari System, land revenue was imposed
directly on the ryots, the individual cultivators, who
actually worked on the land. the peasant was recognized
as the owner of the land as long as he was able to pay the revenue but the exploitation continued with the high revenue demands. the Ryotwari System was started by Alexander Read in 1792, for the Madras Presidency.Later it was introduced in the Bombay Presidency as well.
is system was most prevalent in South India. Revenue
was initially collected from each village separately, but
Read and Munro felt that in the south there were no
traditional zamindars. the settlement, they argued,
had to be made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who
had tilled the land for generations. us, peasants not zamindars were established as property owners.
The Ryotwari system was devised by Capt. Alexander
Read and subsequently developed by Thomas Munro.

#6. The staple commodities of export by the English East India Company from Bengal in the middle of the 18th century were:

Raw cotton, oil-seeds and opium

Sugar, salt, zinc and lead

Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea

Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium

In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting it the sole right to trade with the East.

The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. So, cotton and silk from Bengal were the major items of export from India. Indigo and saltpetre were the other major imports from India, and the fact that both products were produced in the eastern
Gangetic plain, especially in Bihar and Bengal, stimulated British efforts to establish factories on the east coast as well as the west coast of the Indian subcontinent. Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon from India too were in great demand in Europe.

Early in the 18th century the Portuguese found that they could import opium from India and sell it in China at a considerable profit. By 1773 the British had discovered the trade, and became the leading suppliers of the Chinese market. The opium exports from British India to China increased from 4,000 chests per year at the beginning of the 19th Century to more than 60,000 chests by the 1880s.

#7. Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley?

To maintain a large standing army at others expense

To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger

To secure a xed income for the Company

To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States

Option a is correct. Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1798. According to provisions of this alliance Princely States were to be protected by the
Company, but had to pay for the “subsidiary forces” that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection.

Option b and d are correct. Lord Wellesley introduced Subsidiary Alliance to bring princely states under the control of the British and to eliminate French influence over the states, thus countering any danger of Napoleonic invasion.

Option c iincorrect.According to the terms of this alliance, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. It lost the right of self-defence, of maintaining diplomatic relations, of employing foreign experts, and of settling its disputes with its neighbours. However, securing a fixed income was not an objective of the Subsidiary alliance.

#8. Economically, one of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the

increase in the export of Indian handicrafts

growth in the number of Indian owned factories

commercialization of Indian agriculture

rapid increase in the urban population

Option a is incorrect. After 1820, European markets were virtually closed to Indian handicrafts, as a result Indian export of handicraftss fell drastically. Cheap and machinemade imports flooded the Indian market due to oneway free trade for the Britishers and imposition of heavy tariffs of nearly 80 per cent on Indian products.

Option b is incorrect. ere was a rapid decrement in the number of Indian owned industries. Indian industry was steadily destroyed. The demand from Indian textile industry was replaced by British made clothes. A thriving ship-building industry was rushed. The British ships contracted by the Company were given a monopoly over trade routes, while even the Indian merchant ships plying along the coast were made to face heavy duties. Also, e
British did not allow the Indian steel industry to grow.

Option c is correct. One of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the emergence of the commercialisation of agriculture. So far, agriculture had been a way of life rather than a business enterprise. Now agriculture began to be influenced by commercial considerations. Certain specialised crops began to be grown not for consumption in the village but for sale in the national and even international markets. Commercial crops like cotton, jute, groundnut, oilseeds, sugarcane, tobacco, etc., were more remunerative than foodgrains.

Option d is incorrect. Another important feature of British rule in India was Deurbanisation i.e. the decline of many cities and a process of ruralisation of India. Many artisans, faced with diminishing returns and repressive policies abandoned their professions, moved to
villages and took to agriculture.

#9. With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs:
1. Aurang — In-charge of treasury of the State
2. Banian — Indian agent of the East India Company
3. Mirasidar — Designated revenue payer to the State
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

3 only

1, 2 and 3

Pair 1 is incorrect. Aurang was a Persian term for a warehouse.
Pair 2 is correct. Banians acted as intermediaries for European merchants in Bengal.
Pair 3 is correct. Under the Ryotwari settlement system, the company recognized mirasidars as the sole proprietors of land, dismissing tenants’ rights completely. They acted as the Designated revenue payer to the State.

#10. With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1.The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire.
3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

2 only

2 and 3

3 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. e Nizamat of Carnatic (Arcot) was a dependency of Hyderabad Deccan and was under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until its demise. Later it emerged out of Hyderabad.

Statement 2 is correct. The Mysore kingdom, which was founded and ruled for most part by the Hindu Wodeyar family, initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Kingdom of Rohilkhand arose under the declining Mughal Empire in 1721 and continued to exist until 1774 when annexation by the British transformed its signi cantly reduced borders into the Princely State of Rampur.

#11. With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:
1.The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate.
3.The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is incorrect: Kapilendra, the minister of Bhanudeva IV (1414-1435), usurped the throne in 1435 and laid the foundation of the Gajapati rule in Odisha. After Pratapa Rudra’s death (1540), his successors could hardly hold the empire intact, and the end of Suryavamsi (Gajapati) dynasty came soon after (1542), whereas the Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602 throughm a charter.

Statement 2 is correct: Albuquerque acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 with ease; the principal port of the Sultan of Bijapur became “the first bit of Indian territory to be under the Europeans since the time of Alexander the Great”.

Since Statement 1 is incorrect, by elimination method the answer must be ‘b’.

#12. With reference to Modern History of India, consider the following reforms:
1. Wood’s dispatch.
2. Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and ane.
3. Widow remarriage Act.
4. Suppression of thuggee.
Which of the above reforms were introduced by Lord Dalhousie?

1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4

Exp) Option a is correct. Lord Dalhousie functioned as the Governor-General of
India from 1848-1856.
Statement 1 is correct. Lord Dalhousie had introduced a number of reforms in the eld of education. The Government did not take any step for the promotion of vernacular education. In 1854 Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control sent his
recommendations known as “Wood’s Despatch of 1854” to India reorganizing the whole structure of education.

Statement 2 is correct. Dalhousie introduced a new system of internal communication in India. He was the father of Indian Railways. The first railway line connecting Bombay with ane was laid down in 1853.

Statement 3 is correct. He also passed the Widow Remarriage Act in 1856 which legalized the marriage of Hindu widows.

Statement 4 is incorrect. The uggee and Dacoity Suppression Act in British India under East India Company rule were brought under the Governor-General, Lord William Bentinck (and not Dalhousie).

#13. Which one of the following statements is incorrect with reference to the Treaty of Sagauli signed during British period?

As a result of the Treaty, Nepal agreed to withdraw from Sikkim.

The Treaty gave better facilities to British for trade with Central Asia.

The Indian government got access to the Chumbi Valley.

After the Treaty, the Gorkhas joined the British Indian Army in large numbers

Exp) Option c is correct. The Anglo-Nepalese war ended in the Treaty of Sagauli,1816. As per the treaty –
• accepted a British resident.
• Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal and Kumaon, and abandoned claims to Terai.
• Nepal also withdrew from Sikkim. This agreement brought many advantages to the British—
• the British empire now reached the Himalayas;
• it got better facilities for trade with Central Asia;
• it acquired sites for hill stations, such as Shimla, Mussoorie and Nainital; and
• the Gorkhas joined the British Indian Army in large numbers. It was the Treaty of Lhasa, signed between India and Tibet, which provided, as a security for payment, that the Indian Government would occupy the Chumbi Valley (territory between Bhutan and Sikkim) for 75 years.

#14. “He stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also established a close relationship with the French in India and modernised his army with their help. He died defending his capital city in 1799.” He was:

Haider Ali Khan

Tipu Sultan

Nana Fadnavis

Mir Nizam Ali Khan

Exp) Option b is correct.
Mysore had grown in strength under the leadership of powerful rulers like Haidar Ali (ruled from 1761 to 1782) and his famous son Tipu Sultan (ruled from 1782 to 1799). Mysore controlled the pro table trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In 1785, Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also established a close relationship with the French in India and modernised his army with their help. e British were furious. They saw Haidar and Tipu as ambitious, arrogant and dangerous– rulers who had to be controlled and crushed. Four wars were fought with Mysore (1767-69, 1780-84, 1790-92 and 1799). Only in the last – the Battle of Seringapatam – did the Company ultimately win a victory. Tipu Sultan was
killed defending his capital Seringapatam, Mysore was placed under the former ruling dynasty of the Wadiyar’s and a subsidiary alliance was imposed on the state.

#15. Consider the following statements regarding Anglo-Sikh wars:
1. The first Anglo-Sikh war fought between British and Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
2. Lord Hardinge was the governor-general during the Second Anglo-Sikh war.
3. The Sikhs ceded the Jalandhar Doab to the British under the Treaty of Lahore.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 only

2 and 3 only

3 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839. e First Anglo-Sikh war started from 1845 till 1846. The main reason behind the first Anglo Sikh war was the anarchy in the Lahore kingdom after the death of maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Lord Hardinge was the governor-general during the First Anglo-Sikh war and Lord Dalhousie was the governor-general during the Second Anglo-Sikh war.

Statement 3 is correct. rough the Treaty of Lahore, The Sikhs had to give the southern territory of Sutlejthe Jalandhar Doab (between the Beas and Satluj) to the British.

#16. Which of the following events happened during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Ripon?
1. Enactment of Vernacular Press Act.
2. The Second Afghan War.
3. Appointment of Hunter commission on Education.
4. The First Factory Act.
Select the correct answer using the code given below

1, 2 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3 only

3 and 4 only

Exp) Option d is correct.
Statement 3 and 4 are correct. Lord Ripon remained India’s Viceroy from 1880-84. Events associated with the tenure of Viceroy Lord Ripon Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act in 1881 The First Factory act of 1881 Rendition of Mysore
Appointment of an education commission under the chairmanship of Sir William Hunter.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Vernacular press Act (1878) was enacted during the tenure of Lord Lytton.

Statement 2 is incorrect Second Afghan War (1878) happened during the tenure of Lord Lytton.

#17. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the battles of Panipat?
1. The First battle of Panipat marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India.
2.The second battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi.
3.The ambition of Marathas to gain influence in northern India was one of the causes of ird Battle of Panipat.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 onl

2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. The First battle of Panipat marked the beginning of the Mughal empire by ending the rule of Delhi sultanate. It was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The second battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Hemu in 1556. It decided in the favour of continuation of the Mughal rule.

Statement 3 is correct. The Peshwa entered into a treaty with the Mughal emperor in 1752 A.D. By it the Mughal emperor gave the Marathas the right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from all over India and, in return, the Marathas were obliged to help the Emperor in times of need. us, the Marathas involved themselves directly with the politics at Delhi. us, the ambition of the Marathas to gain influence in the North and, for that
purpose, their promise, of support to the Mughal emperor was also the causes behind the third battle of Panipat.

#18. With reference to advent of Portuguese in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Portuguese established its first factory at Cochin.
2.The permit system for ships were introduced by Francisco De Almeida.
3. Afonso de Albuquerque abolished the practice of Sati system in Goa.
4. The Portuguese governor Nino da Cunha shifted the capital from Cochin to Goa.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only

2, 3 and 4 only

3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. Portuguese established its first factory at Calicut by a voyager Pedro Alvarez Cabral.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Although the vision of blue water policy was given by Portuguese governor Almeida, the permit system for ships was introduced by Portuguese governor Alfonso de Albuquerque for exercising control over the major ship-building centers in the region.

Statement 3 is correct. Afonso de Albuquerque abolished the practice of Sati system in Goa in 1515. He was the second Portuguese Governor.

Statement 4 is correct. The Portuguese governor Ninoda Cunha shifted the headquarters of the Portuguese government from Cochin to Goa.

#19. With reference to Farrukhsiyar’s Farman of 1717, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1.The concessions under the farman was only available in Bengal.
2.The East India Company was exempted from export duty but not from import duty.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

In 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman giving the British East India Company the right to reside and trade in the Mughal Empire.

Statement 1 is incorrect. It gave the East India Company tax free monopoly trade and concessions not only in Bengal but also in Gujarat and Hyderabad.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The East India Company was exempted from both export duty and import duty by just giving the annual payment of 3000 rupees.

#20. Which of the statements is correct regarding the Golden Farman?

It gave East India Company the right to collect the revenue of Bengal and Orissa.

It gave East India Company the privilege of trading freely in the ports of Golconda.

It gave the zamindari rights of three villages of Sutanati, Gobindapur, and Kalikata to East India Company

It granted nizamat of Bengal to the East India Company

Exp) Option b is correct. Golden Farman was issued to the British East India
Company which gave them the privilege of trading freely in the ports of Golconda by sultan of Golconda on the payment of 500 pagodas a year in 1632. is farman allowed the British to reopen their factory at Masulipatam.

#21. “He started off at a high post in his country’s trading Company in Pondicherry and went on to become the Governor of Chandernagore and later the Director General of his country’s colonies in India in 1741. He was conferred with the title of Nawab by the Mughal Emperor. He was often at odds with the government in his home country. However, he was a skillful diplomat and administrator who started the trend of interfering in the politics of Indian princes with a view to gain monopoly and trading benefits.”
Which person of 18th century Indian political landscape is being described above?

Robert Clive

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Joseph Francis Dupleix

Count de Lally

Statement c is correct: Dupleix was an officer in the French East India Company. He began his career stationed at a high post in Pondicherry. He went on to become the Governor of French possessions in Chandernagore in 1730. In 1741, till 1754, he was named as Director General of all French colonies in India. He was presented with the honorary title of Nawab by both the Mughal Emperor and Muzzafar Jang, Subahdar of Deccan. He increased French trade while at Chandernagore and went on to participate in the Carnatic Wars in the larger backdrop of Anglo-French rivalry for trade monopoly and supremacy in India. He was very successful in the first Carnatic war and first half of the second Carnatic
War raised his prestige. However, his enterprising and insubordinate behaviour brought him in conflict with the Home government who later recalled him.

#22. With reference to the Ryotwari Settlement system, consider the following statements:
1. Settlement was made directly with the cultivators.
2.The ryot does not have to pay revenue when his produce was destroyed by drought or floods.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct. Alexander Reed and omas Munro suggested that settlement should be made directly with the actual cultivators. They also pointed out that under the Permanent Settlement the Company was a nancial loser as it had to share the revenues with the zamindars and could not claim a share of the growing income from land. Moreover, the cultivator was left at the mercy of the zamindar that could oppress him at will. Under the Ryotwari Settlement, the cultivator was to be recognised as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. The supporters of the Ryotwari system claimed that it was a continuation of the state of
affairs that had existed in the past.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The ryot had to pay revenue even when his produce was partially or wholly destroyed by drought or floods.

#23. With reference to the Permanent Settlement system during British rule, consider the following statements:
1. The erstwhile zamindars and revenue collectors became the owners of the land.
2. It was introduced by the Lord Wellesley in Bengal and Bihar.
3.The zamindars were to keep only one-eleventh of the land revenue they extracted.
Which of the given statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

1 and 3 only

) 1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. The zamindars and revenue collectors were converted into landlords. ey were not only to act as agents of the Government in collecting land revenue from the ryot but also to become the owners of the entire land i.e., their zamindaris. eir right of ownership was made hereditary and transferable.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis.

Statement 3 is correct. The zamindars were to give, 10/11th of the rental they derived from the peasantry to the state, keeping only 1/11th for them. But the sums to be paid by them as land revenue were fixed in perpetuity.

#24. Which among the following crops were introduced by the Europeans in India?
1. Sugarcane
2. Tobacco
3. Cashew nut
4. Coffee
5. Cotton
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

2 only

1, 3, 4 and 5 only

2 and 3 only

1, 3 and 5 only

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Tobacco cultivation in India was introduced by Portuguese in 17th century. Initially tobacco was grown in Kaira and Mehsana districts of Gujarat and later spread to other areas of the country. New species of fruit, such as the pineapple, papaya, and cashew nut also were introduced by the Portuguese.

Statements 1, 4 and 5 are incorrect. e earliest mention of sugarcane cultivation is found in Indian writings of the period 1400 to 1000 B.C. In 5th century AD Indian chemist found a way to crystalize extracted sucrose, making sugar much easier to transport. With this great discovery, sugar became very expensive trading item of India, and sugarcanes themselves started spreading across the Asia and Middle East.

Chikamagalur became the first recorded place in India to cultivate coffee when it was introduced to hillsides from Yemen around the mid to late 1600s. An Indian Sufisaint named Baba Budan brought coffee beans to the country on his return trip from Yemen, to Chikmagalur.

Cotton in the Indian subcontinent has been traced to the 4 th millennium BC. The fabrics dated approximately 3000 BC, recovered from the Mohenjo-daro excavations, were identied to have originated from cotton plants.

#25. Which of the following statements regarding the outcomes of Battle of Plassey is/ are correct?
1. Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal.
2. The British acquired the zamindari of Burdwan, Midnapur & Chittagong from the new Nawab.
3. Sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized.
Select the correct option using the code given below:

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct: Mir Jafar, who was Siraj udDaula’s Commander-in-Chief of the army was bribed by the British to abandon Siraj during the Battle. is helped the British win easily. e British had promised Mir
Jafar the throne of Bengal in return for his help defeating
Siraj, who used to keep British under tight control, which is why they wanted to get rid of him.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The British were given the
Zamindari of 24 Parganas in Bengal, as a reward after
the Battle of Plassey.
e rights over Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong were given to the British by Mir Kasim in 1760, when the British helped him displace Mir Jafar by treachery.

Statement 3 is correct: The Battle of Plassey had
political signi cance for it laid the foundation of the British empire in India; it has been rightly regarded as the starting point of British rule in India. The battle established the military supremacy of the
English in Bengal. The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized, and the English posted a Resident at the nawab’s court.

#26. With reference to advent of Europeans in India, consider the following events:
1. Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam.
2. the English company got the “Golden Farman” issued by the Sultan of Golconda.
3. Permanent factory of East India Company was established at Surat.
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

1-2-3

1-3-2

3-1-2

3-2-1

Event 1: Dutch established their first factory at Malsulipattanam in 1605.

Event 3: The Permanent factory of East India Company was established at Surat in 1613.

Event 2: The Golden Farman was issued to English by the Sultan of Golconda in 1632.

#27. Which of the following factors were responsible for the supremacy of English East India company in India over other European powers?
1. Naval superiority of Royal Navy of Britain.
2. Stable government in Britain.
3. English East India company being a private enterprise.
4. Effective use of the debt markets by company to fund its wars.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 only

1, 3 and 4 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, 3 and 4

Statement 1,2,3 and 4 are correct. Following were the major factors responsible for the supremacy of the English East India company over other European powers: Superior English navy helped British to cut off the vital sea link between the French possessions in India and France. Stable government in Britain provided necessary nancial and moral support. The English company was a private enterprise. ere was a sense of enthusiasm and self-con dence among stakeholders of East India company. Taking instant decision was possible with less governmental control. English company used the debt markets to fund its wars.

#28. Consider the following statements about Francisco De Almeida:
1. He abolished the practice of Sati in Goa.
2. He acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. Afonso de Albuquerque is known for abolishing the practice of Sati system in Goa.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Alfonso de Albuquerque, who succeeded Almeida is considered as the real founder of the Portuguese rule in India. He acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510.

#29. Consider the following pairs with reference to the wars waged by East India Company and the reasons for doing so:
Which of the above pairs is/ are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Pair 1 is incorrect: The Anglo-Nepalese war started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of Butwal and Sheoraj in the period of Lord Hastings (1813-23) . The war, ended in the Treaty of Sagauli, 1816 which was in favour of the British.

Pair 2 is correct: Burmese expansion westwards and occupation of Arakan and Manipur, and the threat to Assam and the Brahmaputra Valley led to continuous friction along the ill-de ned border between Bengal and Burma. is culminated in 1st Anglo – Burmese War.

Pair 3 is correct: Sher Ali, the amir of afghanistan refused to keep a British envoy in Kabul while having earlier granted a similar concession to the Russians. Lytton was displeased, and when the Russians withdrew their envoy from Kabul, Lytton decided to invade Afghanistan.

#30. Which of the following factors was/were responsible for the decline of Portuguese power in India?
1. Diversion of Portuguese attention towards Brazil.
2. Religious policies of the Portuguese led to hostility towards them.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct. Colonial activities of Portuguese were diverted from India due to discovery of Brazil leading to decline of Portuguese power in India.

Statement 2 is correct. Portuguese followed persecutive religious policies which created political fears. The antagonism shown towards the Muslims, forceful conversion to Christianity etc. made them look hostile to the prevalent socio-economic conditions.

#31. Consider the following statements with reference to the Ahom kingdom:
1. It was founded by Chaolung Sukaphaa.
2. Assam was ceded to British India after the Treaty of Yandabo.
3. Forced labour was prevalent in the Ahom kingdom.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Chaolung Sukaphaa founded the Ahom kingdom in 1228 AD.
Statement 2 is correct. Ahom Kingdom of Assam was annexed with British ruled India after the Treaty of Yandabo. It was the peace treaty that resulted at the end of the First Anglo Burmese War.
Statement 3 is correct. The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. those forced to work for the state were called paiks. In this system, able-bodied adult males, were obligated to provide service to the state and form its militia in return for land.

#32. He was the Governor General of Bengal who initiated many reforms in British India. He relieved the zamindars of their police duties and established the post of superintendent of police (SP) as the head of a district. He separated revenue administration from justice administration. He also banned torturous punishments like the chopping off of limbs, nose and ears.
Identify the person from the above paragraph.

Warren Hastings.

Lord Cornwallis.

William Bentinck.

Lord Wellesley

Charles Cornwallis was the second governor-general of Bengal who served from 1786-1793. Some major reforms introduced by him are – He was the rst to bring into existence and organise the civil services. He organised a regular police force to maintain law and order by modernising the old Indian system of thanas (circles) in a district under a daroga (an Indian) and a superintendent of police (SP) at the head of a district. He relieved the zamindars of their police duties. Under the Cornwallis Code, there was a separation of revenue and justice administration. There were separate courts for civil and criminal cases.
Private trade of the company was abolished completely. Europeanisation of administrative machinery – Top posts were reserved for the Europeans whereas Indians were offered lower grade posts such as Peons and clerks. The District Fauzdari Courts were abolished and, instead, circuit courts were established at Calcutta, Dacca, Murshidabad and Patna. These circuit courts had European judges.

#33. Which of the following reforms was introduced by William Bentinck?

Ring-fence policy to create buffer zones around Company’s territories

Separated judiciary and revenue administration.

Setting up of a Law Commission under Macaulay.

Abolished dual system of government.

Statement a is incorrect. Warren Hastings followed a policy of ring-fence which was aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the East India Company’s frontiers.

Statement b is incorrect. It was Lord Cornwallis who separated judiciary and revenue administration. He removed collectors from the post of judges of the civil courts.

Statement c is correct. In 1833 during the governor general ship of William Bentick, a Law Commission was set up under Macaulay for codification of Indian laws.

Statement d is incorrect. Warren Hastings (and not William Bentick) abolished dual government system in 1772.

#34. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the socio-economic condition in 18th century India?

Co-existence of extreme poverty and extreme luxury

India enjoyed favorable balance of trade with exports contributing more than imports.

Techniques of production in agriculture sector remained backward and stagnant.

e status of slaves in India was worse than that in Europe.

Statement a is correct. The Eighteenth-century India
became a land of contrasts because extreme poverty
and extreme luxury existed side by side. The common
populace remained impoverished whereas the rich enjoyed a life of luxury.

Statement b is correct. India did not import foreign
goods on a large scale. On the other hand, its industrial
and agricultural products were in good demand in foreign markets. Hence its exports were more than its imports; trade was balanced by import of silver and gold.

Statement c is correct. Indian agriculture during the 18th century was technically backward and stagnant. The
techniques of production had remained stationary for
centuries.

Statement d is incorrect. The status of slaves in India was better than that in Europe. Slaves, were usually treated as hereditary servants rather than as menials.

#35. With reference to European rule in India, consider the following events: 1. Battle of Wandiwash 2. Battle of Bedara 3. Battle of Plassey What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

1-2-3
1-2-3

1-3-2
1-3-2

3-1-2
3-1-2

3-2-1
3-2-1

Statement 3: e Battle of Plassey was fought between the East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal on June 23rd 1757.

Statement 2: Battle of Bedara was fought between the English and Dutch in 1759. The Dutch were decisively defeated.

Statement 1: Battle of Wandiwash was fought in 1760 between English and French power in India during the third Carnatic war. French army was decisively routed by English company.

#36. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the consequences of the Battle of Plassey?
1. Dual government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive.
2. Zamindari of 24 Parganas was given to the East India Company.
3. It played a decisive role in the Anglo-French struggle.
4. The East India Company was granted right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1 and 4 only
1 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Dual government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive after the Battle of Buxar of 1764, and not after the Battle of Plassey, which took place in 1757.

Statement 2 is correct. The new Nawab of Bengal, after the Battle of Plassey, granted the Zamindari of 24 Parganas near Calcutta to the British.

Statement 3 is correct. The victory in the Battle of Plassey led to British control over Bengal and helped them establish military supremacy in Bengal. eir main rival, the French, were ousted. It thus played a decisive role in Anglo French struggle.

Statement 4 is correct. In return for the Company’s support in establishing him as the new Nawab of Bengal, Mir Jafar, rewarded the Company through various ways. One of the prominent being, the grant of undisputed right of free trade to the Company in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

#37. Which of the following action(s) of the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim, led to disputes with the East India Company which finally culminated in the Battle of Buxar of 1764?
1. He shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger in Bihar.
2. He abolished all the duties on the internal trade.
3. He stripped the Company of its right to issue dastaks.
4. He started raising a modern and disciplined army along the European lines.
Select the correct answer using the code given below

1 and 4 only
1 and 4 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. After assuming power, Mir Qasim shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger in Bihar. He shifted the capital so that he could function independently from the interference and control of the Company.

Statement 2 is correct. In order to counter the abuse of farman of 1717 by the Company”s servants and to bring Indian Merchants on par with the Company, Mir Qasim abolished all duties on the internal trade in Bengal.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Nawab did not abolish the Company’s rights to issue dastak. He only tried to check the misuse of farman by the Company servants who illegally issued dastaks for their private trade.

Statement 4 is correct. Mir Qasim realized that to maintain his independence, it was essential to have anefficient army. us, he started to raise a modern and disciplined army along the European lines.

#38. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Battle of Wandiwash?
1. Dupleix played a decisive role in the Battle of Wandiwash.
2. is battle left the English East India Company with no European rival in India.
3. Indian natives joined the English army and not the French.
4. Pondicherry was given to France along with five trading ports.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. Dupleix was recalled in 1754 due to the initial defeat of the French army in the Second Carnatic War. The Battle of Wandiwash was
a decisive battle of the ird Carnatic War, which was
won by the English on January 22, 1760 at Wandiwash (or
Vandavasi) in Tamil Nadu.

Statement 2 is correct. e victory at Wandiwash left
the English East India Company with no European
rival in India.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Signi cantly, in the Battle of Wandiwash, natives served in both the armies-of English and French- as sepoys.

Statement 4 is correct. After the battle of Wandiwash,
it was decided at the Paris Treaty that the Pondicherry
would go to France along with five trading ports.

#39. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?

3 only
3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. The first Anglo Mysore war ended on April 4, 1769 with the Treaty of Madras.The treaty provided for the exchange of prisoners and the conquered areas. Haidar Ali was promised the help of the English in case he was attacked by any other power.

Pair 2 is correctly matched. After second Anglo Sikh war: The Sikh army surrendered.
Punjab was annexed. A three-member board was set up to govern Punjab, comprising of Lawrence brothers (Henry and John) and Charles Mansel.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. After the second Anglo Maratha war, the treaty of Bassein was signed. Under it the Peshwa agreed To cede to the company territories yielding income of Rs 26 lakhs.To cede Surat To give up all claims for Chauth on Nizams Dominions
To accept companys arbitration in all differences between him and the Nizam or the Gaekwad Not to keep in his employment Europeans of any nation at war with the English.

#40. With reference to the Subsidiary Alliance, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1.The founder of Subsidiary Alliance was Lord Wellesley.
2.The rulers of Hyderabad, Mysore and Jhansi accepted the subsidiary alliance.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. Lord Wellesley did not invent the Subsidiary system. It was Dupleix, who rst gave on hire (so to say) European troops to Indian rulers to fight their wars.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Some of the Indian princes who accepted the subsidiary system were: the Nizam of Hyderabad (1798) , the ruler of Mysore (1799) , the ruler of Tanjore (1799) , the Nawab of Awadh (1801) , the Peshwa (1801) etc. Jhansi never accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.

#41. Consider the following statements regarding the Doctrine of Lapse policy:
1.The adopted son of a ruler could not inherit his father’s private property.
2. It was an instrument used extensively by Lord Dalhousie to annex Indian Princely states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Doctrine of Lapse policy stated that the adopted son could be the heir to his foster father’s private property, but not the state. It was for the British to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it.

Statement 2 is correct. Lord Dalhousie showed too much zeal in enforcing this policy. It was a matter of chance that during Lord Dalhousie’s term many rulers of states died without a male heir and seven states were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.

#42. Arrange the conquest of states by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse policy in the chronological order:
1. Nagpur
2. Awadh
3. Jhansi
4. Satara
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1-2-4-3
1-2-4-3

1-4-2-3
1-4-2-3

4-2-3-1
4-2-3-1

4-3-1-2
4-3-1-2

List of states annexed by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse policy in the chronological order:
1. Satara (1848)
2. Sambhalpur (1849)
3. Bhagat (1850)
4. Udaipur (1850)
5. Jhansi (1853)
6. Nagpur (1854)
7. Awadh (1856; on charge of mal-administration)

#43. Consider the following statements regarding the annexation of Awadh:
1.The annexation of Awadh by Lord Dalhousie in 1856 was widely resented.
2. The annexation was made on the ground of maladministration.
3.The annexation of Awadh provided economic relief to the people.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. The annexation of Avadh by Lord Dalhousie in 1856 was widely resented in India in general and in Avadh in particular. More speci cally, it created an atmosphere of rebellion in Avadh and in the Company’s army.

Statement 2 is correct. The excuse Dalhousie had advanced for annexing Avadh was that he wanted to free the people from the Nawab’s maladministration and oppression.

Statement 3 is incorrect. In practice, the people got no relief. Indeed, the common man had now to pay higher land revenue and additional taxes on articles of food, houses, ferries, opium, and justice.

#44. With reference to the relationship between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Charles Metcalf proposed an Anglo-Sikh alliance to prevent Franco – Russian invasion on India.
2. Treaty of Amritsar was concluded after the First Anglo – Sikh war.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct. The prospects of a joint FrancoRussian invasion of India through the land-route had alarmed the English. In 1807, Lord Minto sent Charles Metcalfe to Lahore. Ranjit Singh offered to accept Metcalfe’s proposal of an offensive and defensive alliance on certain conditions.

Statement 2 is incorrect. In the changed political scenario in which the Napoleonic danger receded and the English became more assertive, Ranjit Singh agreed to sign the Treaty of Amritsar (April 25, 1809) with the Company. First Anglo Sikh war occurred in 1845-46 much later after the signing of treaty of Amritsar.

#45. Consider the following statements with reference to trade relations during the 18th century India:
1. Major trading destinations were Arabia, Tibet and Africa.
2. Among the major items of exports from India were indigo and saltpetre.
3. Major items of imports to India were coffee, gold, drug, porcelain, and silk.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?

2 only
2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. During the 18th century, major trading destinations for India were China, Arabia, Tibet, Africa and Europe Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• Items of Export-Cotton textiles, raw silk and silk fabrics, hardware, indigo, saltpetre, opium, rice, wheat, sugar, pepper and other spices, precious stones, and drugs.

• Items of Import — pearls, raw silk, wool, dates, dried fruits,rose water, coffee, gold, drugs, honey, tea, sugar, porcelain, silk, musk, Woollen cloth; ivory, copper, iron, lead and paper.

#46. Consider the following statements about the development of Railways by the British in India:
1. In the beginning, railways were built through private enterprises as well as state agency.
2. In laying down railways lines, the needs of Indian industries were kept in mind.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. In the beginning, Indian railways were constructed and operated by private companies who were guaranteed a minimum of five percent return on their capital by the Government of India. In 1869 the Government of India decided to build new railways as state enterprises. After 1880, railways were built through private enterprise as well as through state agency.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Fares were discriminatory against Indian industries, charging higher rates from Indian industries as compared to their British counterparts. Such discriminatory rate structure not only limited the growth of railway traffic but also hurt the industrialization of India.

#47. With reference to the Permanent Settlement System during British rule in India, consider the following statements:
1. Transferability of land was not allowed under the system.
2.The government sought to improve land productivity with heavy investment.
3. Summary evictions were witnessed under this regime.
Which of the statements given above are incorrect?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is incorrect. Although the rights of succession were hereditary, Zamindars were allowed to sell or transfer the lands to whomever they wanted.

Statement 2 is incorrect. There was little to no spending by the government. The British thought that permanent nature of land settlement would encourage the Zamindars to undertake improvement in the land thereby, improving the revenue.

Statement 3 is correct. Zamindars being the sole proprietor of land indulged in summary evictions very frequently. Moreover, they demanded illegal dues and ‘begar’ to maximize their share in the produce

#48. With reference to the Permanent Settlement System, which of the following is correct?

It was introduced during the tenure of Governor General Warren Hastings.
It was introduced during the tenure of Governor General Warren Hastings.

It was implemented in the provinces of Madras and Assam.
It was implemented in the provinces of Madras and Assam.

e entire village was treated as one unit for the payment of land revenue.
e entire village was treated as one unit for the payment of land revenue.

In this system, the Zamindars were treated as the revenue collectors of the state.
In this system, the Zamindars were treated as the revenue collectors of the state.

The permanent settlement system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was implemented in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Varanasi and other areas. It fixed the land rights of the members in perpetuity without any provision for fixed rent or occupancy right for actual cultivators. Permanent Settlement was made with the rajas and taluqdars of Bengal. they were now classified as zamindars, and they had to pay the revenue demand that was fixed in perpetuity. In terms of this de nition, the zamindar was not a landowner in the village, but a revenue Collector of the state.

#49. With reference to Lord Dalhousie`s Governorship, arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Widow Remarriage Act
2. Annexation of Punjab
3. Laying down first railway line
4. Post office Act
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1-4-3-2
1-4-3-2

2-3-4-1
2-3-4-1

2-4-3-1
2-4-3-1

3-4-2-1
3-4-2-1

Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) –
1. Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) and annexation of
Punjab (1849) .

2. Railway Minute of 1853; and laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and ane in 1853.

3. Telegraph (4000 miles of telegraph lines to connect Calcutta with Bombay, Madras and Peshawar) and
postal (Post Office Act, 1854) reforms.

4. Widow Remarriage Act (1856) .

#50. In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located?
1. Broach
2. Chicacole
3. Trichinopoly
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
1 only

1 and 2
1 and 2

3 only
3 only

2 and 3
2 and 3

Exp) Option a is correct. By 1st quarter of 17th century , English East India Company had established factories at Surat, Broach, Ahmedabad, Agra, and Masulipatam and not at Chicacole and Tichonopoly. The timelines are 1613- A permanent factory of the east India company is established at Surat 1616- 1st factory in south at Masulipatnam 1619- Sir omas Roe set up factories at Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach.

#51. With reference to the Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar?
1. Zamindars did not perform any duty other than revenue collection.
2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. Zamindars, apart from revenue collecting duties had to render military duties. They also performed Khidmat such as rendering soldiers to fill the ranks of royal army at times of need and offer gifts at the royal court.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Jagirdars were frequently transferred as promotion and demotion was a regular part of empire. is is because loyalties towards Emperor were largely dependent on the rank of jagir/mansab held by a Noble. Land assignments to the jagirdar were not hereditary

#52. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the pairs given above is/are incorrectly matched?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

Pair 1 is correctly matched. Lord Cornwallis (1786- 1793) introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Sir John Shore (1793-98) introduced Policy of Non-interference in the social, religious and cultural life of the country.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. The subsidiary alliance system was used by Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) to build an empire in India.

#53. With reference to the Anglo-Afghan relations, consider the following statements:
1. A policy of Masterly inactivity was followed by Lord Lytton.
2. The Treaty of Gandamak is associated with the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
3. A Tripartite Treaty in 1838 was signed by the British, Sikhs and Dost Mohommad.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 only
2 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is incorrect. John Lawrence (1864-1869) started a policy of masterly inactivity which was a reaction to the disasters of the First Afghan War.

Statement 2 is correct. The Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879) was signed after the Second-Anglo Afghan War.

Statement 3 is incorrect. A Tripartite Treaty (1838) was entered into by the British, Sikhs and Shah Shuja (who had been deposed from the Afghan throne in 1809) .

#54. Consider the following statements with regard to Durand Line Agreement (1893) :
1.The North West Frontier Province (NWFP) was carved out under this agreement.
2.The Durand Agreement was able to bring peace in the region.
3.The agreement took place during the reign of Lord Curzon.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. The Durand Line Agreement
(1893) led to the formation of the North-Western
Frontier Province. Durand Line Agreement demarcated
boundary between British territories and Afghan
territories.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Durand Agreement
(1893) failed to keep peace and soon there were tribal uprisings.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Durand Line Agreement
took place in 1893 while Lord Curzon reign in India was from 1899-1905.

#55. With respect to Modern History, which of the following is the correct chronological order of the events given below?
1. Treaty of Gandamak
2. Treaty of Yandabo
3. Treaty of Lhasa
4. Treaty of Sugauli
Select the correct order from the codes given below:

1-3-4-2
1-3-4-2

2-4-3-1
2-4-3-1

3-2-4-1
3-2-4-1

4-2-1-3
4-2-1-3

Statement 4. Treaty of Sugauli was Signed after Nepal War in 1816. It led to withdrawal of Nepal from Sikkim and established a permanent resident at Kathmandu.

Statement 2. Treaty of Yandabo was signed after 1 st Burma War in 1826. Due to this Burma abandoned its claim on Assam, Cachhar and Jaintia and Manipur got recognized as an independent state.

Statement 1. Treaty of Gandamak was signed in 1879 after the 2nd Afghanwar. Statement 3. The Treaty of Lhasa was signed in 1904 between Tibet and Great Britain.

#56. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the signifgicance of Portuguese rule in India?
1.The system of drilling groups of infantries was introduced by Portuguese.
2.The art of the silversmith and goldsmith flourished under Portuguese rule.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:

1 Only
1 Only

2 Only
2 Only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct. An important military contribution made by the Portuguese onshore was the system of drilling groups of infantries, on the Spanish model, introduced in the 1630s as a counter to Dutch pressure.

Statement 2 is correct. Portuguese also popularized the art of the silversmith and goldsmith which eventually got flourished at Goa. It became the center of elaborate ligree work, fretted foliage work and metal work embedding jewels.

#57. With reference to Industrial development of India in 18th century, the term “Kunjali Maraikkars” is associated with?

Naval Chiefs
Naval Chiefs

Revenue collectors
Revenue collectors

Merchant Bankers
Merchant Bankers

Trade supervisors
Trade supervisors

The Kunjali Marakkars were maritime merchants of Arab descent who supported the trade in the Indian Ocean who settled in the coastal regions of Kayalpattinam, Kilakarai,
oothukudi, Nagore and Karaikal. With the emergence of the Portuguese in India, some
Marakkars were forced to take up arms and enlist themselves in service of the Hindu king (the zamorin) of Calicut. The Marakkar naval chiefs of the Calicut were known as Kunjali Marakkars.

#58. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only

Pair 1 is correctly matched. Under the Mughal rule, there were faujdars who helped in maintaining law and order. In 1770, the institution of the faujdar and amils were abolished. However, in 1774, Warren Hastings restored the institution of faujdars and asked the zamindars to assist them in suppression of dacoits, violence and disorder. In 1775, faujdar thanas were established in the major towns of large districts and were assisted by several smaller police stations.

Pair 2 is correctly matched. In 1791, Cornwallis organized a regular police force to maintain law and order by going back to and modernizing the old Indian system of thanas (circles) in a district under a daroga (an Indian) and a superintendent of police (SP) at the head of a district. He relieved the zamindars of their police duties.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. Lord Bentinck abolished the office of the superintendent of police (SP).

Pair 4 is incorrectly matched. In 1808, Lord Mayo appointed an SP for each division helped by a number of spies (goyendas) but these spies committed atrocities on local people.

#59. With reference to the ring-fence policy, consider the following statements:
1. Warren Hastings used the policy of ring fence.
2.The aim was to create buffer zones to defend the East India Company’s frontiers.
3.Ring-fence policy was an extension of the subsidiary alliance policy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 and 2 are correct. Warren Hastings followed a policy of ring-fence which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. It was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. is policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore. The chief danger to the Company’s territories was from the Afghan invaders and the Marathas. To safeguard against these dangers, the Company undertook to organise the defence of the frontiers of Awadh on the condition that the Nawab would defray the expenses of the defending army.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Lord Wellesley’s policy of subsidiary alliance was an extension of the ring-fence system (and not vice-versa) sought to reduce the Indian states into a position of dependence on the British government.

#60. With reference to the Ahom revolt of 1828, consider the following statements:
1.The revolt took place in Assam after the First Burma war.
2. The immediate cause was the rise in prices due to increase in taxes.
3.The rebellion was violently suppressed by the British authorities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. e Ahom kingdom of Assam revolted against British in 1828 after the First Burma War (1824-26). The rebellion was organised under the leadership of Gomdhar Konwar, an Ahom prince, alongwith compatriots, such as Dhanjoy Bongohain, and Jairam Khargharia Phukan. Assembling near Jorhat, the rebels formally made Gomdhar Konwar the king.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The cause of the revolt was the annexation of Ahom territories in the East India Company’s dominion. The British had pledged to withdraw from Assam after the First Burma War. But, after the war, instead of withdrawing, the British attempted to incorporate the Ahoms’ territories.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The British authorities did not violently suppress the movement. Instead, the Company decided to follow a conciliatory policy and handed over Upper Assam to Maharaja Purandar Singh Narendra and part of the kingdom was restored to the Assamese king.

#61. In the context of the East India Company, consider the following statements:
1. It was granted monopoly over all trade between England and Asia.
2.The first English factory was set up at Masulipatnam.
3. Re-export of Indian textiles to Europe and Asia was a major component of its trade.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. On the last day of 1600, a charter of the British monarch permitted the foundation of the English East India Company, a joint-stock company of London merchants, to carry on trade in the East. The English East India Company was allowed special privileges- given monopoly over all trade between England and Asia and permission to export bullion from England to nance this trade.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Formal trading of the Company began in 1613, when a farman of Emperor Jahangir allowed the Company to set up factories in India. The first English factory was established in the western port of Surat (and not Masulipatnam) after English merchants scored a victory over the Portuguese. Statement 3 is correct. Re-export of Indian textiles to other markets in Europe and Asia was a vital component of East India Company’s trade. It allowed the Company to counter the arguments of those who felt that largescale increase of Indian textiles threatened the manufacturers of woollen products in England.

#62. Consider the following statements with respect to the development of railways by the British government:
.The Railway Minute was developed by Lord Canning.
2. Initially both British and Indian capital funds were used for the speedy construction of railways.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. Railway Minute of 1853 was prepared by Lord Dalhousie (and not by Lord Canning) to promote the development of railways in India. Railway construction began under Dalhousie’s supervision with two starting lines from Howrah near Calcutta and Bombay. The first railway line connecting Bombay and ane was laid down in 1853.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The construction of railways was funded entirely by British capital and all investors were guaranteed, both by the Company and later by the Crown, a 5 percent return, which made their investments risk-free. The railways’ pro ts went back to England without helping India’s industrial development at all. The Indian capitalists and industries did not benefit from it. Moreover, British manufactured goods now had very easy access to Indian markets and British industries could exploit the hinterland for raw materials.

#63. Consider the following events:
1. Setting up of Durand Commission.
2. Setting up of Archaeological Survey of India.
3. Enactment of the Offcial Secrets Act.
4. Young husband’s Mission to Tibet.
Which of the following events took place during the reign of Lord Curzon?

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4
1, 3 and 4

Statement 1 is incorrect. Durand Commission (1893) was set up under Viceroyship of Lansdowne, to define the Durand Line between India and Afghanistan (now between Pakistan and Afghanistan; a small portion of the line touches India in Pakistan occupied Kashmir).

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was established in 1861 to initiate legal provision to protect the historical structures all over India. Lord Canning was the Viceroy of India at that time.

Statement 3 and 4 are correct Following important events happened during the reign of Lord Curzon: 1. Appointment of Raleigh Commission (1902) to go into conditions and prospects of universities in India and passing of Indian Universities Act (1904). 2. Young husband’s Mission to Tibet (1904). 3. Official Secrets Act (1904).

#64. In the context of Subsidiary Alliance, consider the following statements:
1. It was rst used in India by Lord Hastings.
2. Indian rulers agreed to permanent stationing of British force in their territory.
3. One of the objectives was to curb the Napoleon’s expedition.
4. Hyderabad was one of the first state to accept the subsidiary alliance system.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

Statement 1 is incorrect. e policy of subsidiary alliance was actually used for the first time by the French Governor-General Marquis Dupleix (and not Hastings). Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) arrived in India determined to subdue Indian rulers and establish an empire in India. In order to attain his objectives, he abandoned the policy of non-intervention and gave new meaning and force to Robert Clive’s policy of a Subsidiary Alliance.

Statement 2 is correct. Under this alliance, a friendly Indian prince enjoyed British protection and got the support of British troops against his enemies, external and internal. The Indian prince agreed for permanent stationing of British troops within his territory and to provide ‘subsidy’ for the upkeep of the Company’s troops.The princes also accepted a British Resident at their court. He also lost the right to enter into diplomatic alliances with other powers without the knowledge of the Resident. The Company thus got the right both to use the Indian ruler’s territory as a buffer against its own enemies and prevent a combination of Indian rulers against it.

Statement 3 is correct. One of the objectives behind Wellesley’s strengthening of the subsidiary alliance system was indeed to keep the French from reviving and expanding their influence in India. Around this time, the fear of Napoleon’s expedition towards the East was very real for the British who felt that the French could attack the western coast of India from their colony of Mauritius. By means of this system, the Company could station its forces at strategic locations and keep the French at bay.

Statement 4 is correct. The Indian princes who accepted the subsidiary system were: the Nizam of Hyderabad (September 1798 and 1800), Mysore (1799), Tanjore (1799), Awadh (1801), the Peshwa (1801), the Bhonsle Raja of Berar (1803), the Sindhia (1804), the Rajput states of Jodhpur, Jaipur, Macheri, Bundi and the ruler of Bharatpur (1818). e Holkars were the last Maratha confederation to accept the Subsidiary Alliance in 1818.

#65. With reference to the Anglo-Maratha wars, consider the following statements:
1.The battle of Bhima-Koregaon was part of second Anglo-Maratha war.
2. Lord Hastings’ actions against the Pindaris led to the third Anglo-Maratha war.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

S tatement 1 is incorrect. The 1818 battle of BhimaKoregaon was one of the last battles of the ird AngloMaratha War which culminated in the Peshwa’s defeat. The battle took place at the village of Koregaon in Pune district of Maharashtra. On January 1, 1818, a Dalitdominated British Army had defeated a Peshwa army, led by Peshwa Bajirao II, in Koregaon. The battle attained a legendary stature for Dalits, who consider the win as a victory of the Mahars against the the Peshwas. A pillar, known as Vijay Sthamb (victory pillar), was installed by the East India Company in memory of those who fought for them in the battle.

Statement 2 is correct. Lord Hastings’ actions taken against the Pindaris were seen as a transgression of the sovereignty of the Marathas. A repentant Bajirao II made a last bid in 1817 by rallying together the Maratha chiefs against the English in course of the third Anglo-Maratha War. However, the Peshwa, Bhonsle and Holkar were defeated by the British. In June 1818, the Peshwa nally surrendered and the Maratha confederacy was dissolved. The peshwaship was abolished.

#66. With reference to the Mahalwari System, consider the following statements:
1.The system was devised by omas Munro and Alexander Read.
2. It was introduced in the North-Western provinces.
3.The head of the village community was responsible to make revenue payments.
Which of the statement give above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Mahalwari System was introduced in 1822 by Holt Mackenzie in the North Western Provinces. It was popularised by Lord William Bentick in Agra and Awadh and was later extended to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The Ryotwari System was devised by Captain Alexander Read and Sir Thomas Munro at the end of the 18th century.

Statement 2 is correct. The Mahalwari Settlement was introduced in the North-Western Provinces, the territory stretching between the foothills of the Himalayas through the Ganga–Jamuna Doab to the central Indian plateau. It included a large part of Punjab, the United Provinces and most of the Central Provinces.

Statement 3 is correct. In the Mahalwari Settlement, mahals or estates’ proprietory bodies, the ‘village community’ was recognized as the landowner. Land belonged jointly to the village community technically called the body of co-shares that was collectively responsible for paying revenue. is ‘community’ included peasant proprietors, taluqdars and resident cultivating peasants whose rent was also sought to be ascertained and recorded. The head of the community, the lambardar, signed the agreement with the government as the person responsible for paying the revenue of the community.

#67. Consider the following statements with reference to the Carnatic Wars:
1.The First Carnatic War was an extension of the Seven Years War.
2.The Second Carnatic War was the result of interference in political affairs of the Indian rulers.
3.The Third Carnatic War established Britain as the supreme European power in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is incorrect. The First Carnatic War was an extension of the Anglo-French War in Europe which was caused by the Austrian War of Succession. The third Carnatic War (1758-63) coincided with the AngloFrench War in Europe caused by the Seven Years War (1756-63).

Statement 2 is correct. The background for the Second Carnatic War (1749-54) was provided by rivalry in India. Dupleix, the French Governor, sought to increase his power and French political influence in southern India by interfering in local dynastic disputes to defeat the English.

Statement 3 is correct. The third Carnatic War was won by the English on January 22, 1760 at Wandiwash (or Vandavasi) in Tamil Nadu. Although the Treaty of Peace of Paris (1763) restored to the French their factories in India, the French political influence disappeared after the war. thereafter, the English became the supreme European power in the Indian subcontinent.

#68. With reference to the advent of Europeans in India, consider the following statements:
1.The Dutch founded their rst factory in Masulipatam.
2. Calicut and Cochin were the important trading centers of the Portuguese.
3.The English trading company was a private enterprise while the French trading company was state-controlled.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. The Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatam in 1605. Later, they established factories in Pulicat (1609), Surat (1616), Bimlipatam (1641), Karikal (1645), and Chinsura (1653). French were the last Europeans to come to India for trade. The foundation of the French East India Company was laid in 1664 during the reign of Louis XIV. Prior to that, Portuguese, Dutch, English and Danes had already appeared on the Indian soil.

Statement 2 is correct. The Portuguese were the first Europeans who discovered the sea-route to India. Vascoda Gama arrived in Calicut in 1498. Later, a Portuguese explorer, Pedro Alvarez Cabral established the first Portuguese factory at Calicut, India in 1500. With time, Calicut, Cannanore and Cochin became the important trade centers of the Portuguese.

Statement 3 is correct. The English company was a private enterprise, while the French trading company was regulated by the state. is was one of the causes for the English success over French in India. The East India Company could take instant decisions when needed without waiting for the approval of the government. On the other hand, the French company faced delays in decision-making

#69. Which of the following were the reasons for the success of British in Indian subcontinent over other European powers?
1. Early onset of industrial revolution in England.
2. Re Royal Navy of Britain was one of the most advanced of its times.
3. Political stability in Britain.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. The industrial revolution
started in England in the early 18th century, with the
invention of new machines like steam engine, spinning jenny, power loom etc. ese inventions considerably
improved production. is allowed England to maintain its hegemony vis-a-vis other European powers where the industrial revolution reached late.

Statement 2 is correct. e Royal Navy of Britain was the largest and most advanced of its times. In Europe,
it had obtained victories against the Spanish Armada and
against the French at Trafalgar. In India too, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to
strong and fast movement of the naval ships.

Statement 3 is correct. Britain had a stable government
with efficient monarchs. is allowed it to emerge as a
superior power in Europe and the Indian sub-continent.
France witnessed a violent revolution in 1789 and the
Napoleonic wars in 1800s signi cantly weakened its
position. The Dutch and Spanish were involved in
the 80-years war in the 17th century which weakened
Portuguese imperialism.

#70. Consider the following statements:
1. Under the Treaty of 1760, Mir Kasim ceded to the English the districts of Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong.
2. The Mughal Emperor of India was a participant in the Battle of Buxar.
3.The Treaty of Allahabad granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal by the British. He was expected to show his generosity to the British. However, he got irritated with the interference of Robert Clive and entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759. Hence, the Treaty of 1760 was signed between the new puppet nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim and the English. Under the treaty, Mir Kasim agreed to cede the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong.

Statement 2 is correct. The Battle of Buxar was fought between the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh on 22nd October 1764. Shah Alam II was the then Mughal Emperor of India.

Statement 3 is correct. The Battle of Buxar was important in the sense that for the first time, the Emperor of India was defeated by the English. Robert Clive concluded a treaty with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Shah Alam II granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company.

#71. Which of the following are correctly matched?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 4 only
1 and 4 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

Statement 1 correct: Lord Hastings (1813-23) introduced Ryotwari system in Madras and Mahalwari System in Central India.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Government of India Act 1935 was introduced during the tenure of Lord Willingdon (1931-36).

Statement 3 is incorrect: Poorna Swaraj was declared was Indian National Congress in its Lahore Session (1929). is happened during the tenure of Lord Irwin (1926-31). Statement 4 is correct: Cabinet Mission (1946) came under the tenure of Lord Wavell (1943-47)

#72. ‘Policy of Intrusive Surveillance’ was adopted by which of the following Governor–Generals?

Lord Wellesly
Lord Wellesly

Lord Dalhousie
Lord Dalhousie

Lord Minto
Lord Minto

Lord Curzon
Lord Curzon

Lord Curzon adopted the policy of Patronage and ‘intrusive surveillance’. He thought the relation between states and government were neither feudal nor federal, but a type not based on a treaty but consisting of a series of relationships having grown under different historical conditions that, in the course of time, gradually conformed to a single line – uniformly dependent on British government and considered as an integral part of Indian Political system. The new trend seemed to reduce all states to a single type—uniformly dependent on the British Government and considered as an integral part of Indian political system. The policy of cordial cooperation began to counter progressive and revolutionary developments in the face of large-scale political unrests.

#73. With reference to the dual government in Bengal introduced by Robert Clive after the Battle of Buxar, consider the following statements:
1.The diwani rights came under the control of the East India Company, while the nizamat rights remained under the control of the Nawab of Bengal.
2.The East India Company could nominate deputy subahdar of Bengal. 3. It was abolished by Lord Cornwallis.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The Battle of Buxar established the English forces as real masters of Bengal. In 1765, Robert Clive introduced a system of dual government in Bengal- the rule of the two, the Company and the Nawab of Bengal.

Statement 1 is correct. Under the system of dual government, both the diwani and nizamat functions came under the control of the Company. the Company acquired the diwani functions from the Mughal Emperor through the Treaty of Allahabad. It also acquired the nizamat functions from the subahdar of Bengal through the same treaty.

Statement 2 is correct. The Company exercised its nizamat rights by nominating a deputy subahdar of Bengal. The Company nominated Mohammad Reza Khan as the deputy subahdar.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The dual system of government was proved to be ineffective. Neither the Company nor the Nawab cared for administration and public welfare. Hence, it was abolished by Warren Hastings in 1772. Lord Cornwallis was the governor-general of Bengal between 1786 and 1793.

#74. With reference to Anglo-Mysore wars, consider the following statements:
1.The Treaty of Seringapatam was concluded between Haidar Ali and the English.
2.The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas supported the state of Mysore in the four AngloMysore wars.
3. Both Arthur Wellesley and Lord Wellesley were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

The state of Mysore fought four wars with the British between 1767 and 1799. Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan led Mysore in these wars.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed between Tipu Sultan and the English in 1792. Under the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors of the third AngloMysore war- the state of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas kept changing their strategies with time. During the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned the Nizam and the Marathas against the British through his skillful diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, both Nizam and the British sided with the English forces against the state of Mysore.

Statement 3 is correct. In 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. He was concerned about the growing friendship between Tipu Sultan and the French. He accused Tipu Sultan of conspiracy against the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war that followed was also participated by Arthur Wellesley, the brother of Lord Wellesley. Hence, both Wellesley brothers were involved in the fourth AngloMysore war.

#75. Consider the following statements:
1.The Treaty of Amritsar made the river Sutlej as the boundary between the territories of Punjab ruler Ranjit Singh and the British.
2.The annexation of Punjab was completed under Lord Dalhousie.
3.The annexation of Sindh was completed under Lord Ellenborough.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. tHe Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the Punjab ruler Ranjit Singh and the British. It put a check on the ambitions of Ranjit Singh by declaring the river Sutlej as the new boundary between his dominions and the territories of the Company.

Statement 2 is correct. tHe defeat and humiliation suffered by the Sikhs in the rst Anglo-Sikh war was the precursor to the mass uprising in Multan in 1848. The then Governor General of India, Lord Dalhousie saw this as a good pretext to annex Punjab completely. ree important battles were fought between 1848 and 1849- Battle of Ramnagar, Battle of Chillhanwala and Battle of Gujarat. The annexation of Punjab was completed by Lord Dalhousie in 1849.

Statement 3 is correct. Sindh was looked at from the perspective of saving the British empire in India from external forces like Napoleon during the 1800s and later, from the Russians. In 1843, under the GovernorGeneral Ellenborough, Sindh was merged into the British empire.

#76. With reference to modern Indian history, ‘sunset law’ is related to which of the following?

Raleigh Commission
Raleigh Commission

Mahalwari System
Mahalwari System

Permanent Settlement
Permanent Settlement

Macdonnell Commission
Macdonnell Commission

Option (c) is correct. Permanent Settlement: In permanent settlement, xed revenue demand would give zamindars a sense of security and, assured of returns on their investment, encourage them to improve their estates. Initial demands were very high. The revenue was invariable, regardless of the harvest, and had to be paid punctually. In fact, according to Sunset Law, if payment did not come in by sunset of the speci ed date, the zamindari was liable to be auctioned.

#77. Which of the following were the major reasons for the British to capture the whole of India?
1. Enormous pro t from trade in India.
2. To fund its adventures in America.
3. Personal ambitions of individual leaders.
4. To Challenge the imperialism of France and Russia.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

Option c is correct. Initially, perhaps, the East India Company offcials started acquiring territory just to promote and protect their trade interests, especially when they saw how factionalised the political situation was. They came to realise how easily they could pit one local ruleragainst another and began to interfere in local politics and, in the process, acquired territories. But later on the British politicians back in Britain and the administrators sent by them to India worked on a clear desire and plan to acquire territories and establish an empire.

Following were the reasons for the British to capture whole of India: Enormous profits from the trade in the East, notably India, attracted the English traders (the Company) as it did other Europeans. A desire for quick pro ts, personal ambitions of individuals, plain avarice and effects of political developments in Europe were some of the factors that made the British increase their political clout in India. Lord Wellesley resorted to aggressive application of the subsidiary alliance system to extend British dominion in India as a defensive counter measure against the imperialistic designs of France and Russia.

From 1798 to 1818 the British motives were consciously imperialistic. Lord Hastings further carried the policy of Wellesley and treated India as a conquered rather than an acquired country. Funding the adventures in America was not the cause to conquer the whole of India.

#78. Which of the following factors resulted in the Battle of Plassey?
1. Forti cation of Calcutta without the permission of nawab by the British.
2. Asylum was provided to the Nawab’s enemy Krishna Das by the British.
3.The rampant misuse of the trade privileges by the British.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

3 only
3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. ere was a trade rivalry between the French and the British, as a result, the English East India Company too began to build fortifications around its own settlement at Calcutta. is was seen as a challenge to his authority by the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah. He ordered both the parties to destroy the fortications. While the French East India Company agreed to this diktat, the British refused to acquiesce to the Nawab’s demand. As a result, this became a bone of contention between the Nawab and the British.

Statement 2 is correct. e East India Company provided asylum to the Nawab’s enemy Krishna Das. is angered the Nawab. The Company suspected that Siraj would drastically reduce its trade privileges in collusion with the French in Bengal. The Company thus tried to take revenge on nawab by giving asylum to a political fugitive, Krishna Das, who had fled with immense treasures against the nawab’s will.

Statement 3 is correct. One of the reasons behind the strained relationship between Siraj-Ud Daulah and the British was the misuse of trade privileges by the East India Company. The officials of the Company made rampant misuse of its trade privileges that adversely affected the nawab’s nances. The Mughal rulers had granted only the Company the right to trade duty free. But officials of the Company, who were carrying on private trade on the side, were expected to pay duty. However, the officials of the company refused to pay the duty. is was strongly opposed by the Nawab of Bengal as it meant a huge loss to the provincial exchequer.

#79. Why did the East India Company not annex Bengal after the Battle of Plassey?
1.The Company was not willing to take over the responsibility of administration.
2. East India Company’s prime objective at that time was the expansion of trade only.
3.The local rulers in India were ready to grant privileges to the East India Company.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Victory for the British East India Company in the Battle of Plassey was the start of nearly two centuries of British rule in India. For an event with such momentous consequences, it was a surprisingly unimpressive military encounter, the defeat of the Nawab of Bengal owing much to betrayal. The battle of Plassey was never really fought because; Mir Jafar was bribed by Robert Clive. The Company was still unwilling to take over the responsibility of administration.

Statement 2 is correct. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor, and 90 employees in India the main objective of any business is to earn a profit.so the prime objective of East India Company was the expansion of trade.

Statement 3 is correct. East India company’s prime objective was the expansion of trade. is could be done without conquest, because the local rulers were willing to grant privileges to the east India company. So company decided not to take over territories directly.

#80. Consider the following statements with reference to the changes occurred after the Battle of Buxar:
1. Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the diwan of the province of Bengal.
2. Revenues from India were used by company to nance its expenses.
3.The outflow of gold from Britain to India was stopped.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. In 1765 the Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. is solved a major problem that the Company had earlier faced. After the battle of Buxar, the East India Company became the real masters of Bengal. Robert Clive introduced the dual system of government, i.e. the rule of the two—the Company and the Nawab in Bengal in which both the diwani, i.e. collecting revenues, and nizamat, i.e., police and judicial functions, came under the control of the Company. The Company exercised diwani rights as the diwan and the nizamat rights through its right to nominate the deputy subahdar. The Company acquired the diwani functions from the emperor and nizamat functions from the subahdar of Bengal.

#81. Consider the following statements with reference to features of Subsidiary alliance:
1. Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces.
2.The Indian rulers were not allowed to employ any European in his service without the prior consultation with the Company.
3. Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. According to the terms of this alliance, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the “subsidiary forces” that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of their protection. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. For example, when Richard Wellesley was Governor General (1798-1805), the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the Company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the “subsidiary forces”

Statement 2 is correct. The Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior consultation with the Company. Nor could he go to war or negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the governor-general. In return for all this, the British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of non-interference in the internal matters of the allied state.

Statement 3 is correct: The subsidiary alliance system was used by Lord Wellesley, who was governor-general from 1798-1805, to build an empire in India. Under the system, the allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. The Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court.

#82. With reference to the British ‘Residents’ during colonial India, consider the following statements:
1. Residents were heads of Contingent army units placed under Subsidiary alliance in the states.
2.The Company began appointing Residents in Indian states immediately after the Battle of Plassey.
3.The Residents did not interfere in the internal affairs of Indian states, under any circumstance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 only
1 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. Residents were Political and commercial agents of the company appointed in the states after the Battle of Buxar (1764). They were the heads of Contingent army units placed under Subsidiary alliance in the states.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Company appointed Residents in Indian states a er the battle of buxar (1764).

Statement 3 is incorrect. The residents or the agent’s motive was to serve and to promote the interests of the company. They were also political or commercial agents and their job was to serve and further the interests of the Company. rough the Residents, the Company officials began interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states. They tried to decide who was to be the successor to the throne, and who was to be appointed in administrative posts. Sometimes the Company forced the states into a “subsidiary alliance”.

#83. Which of the following were among the possible reasons behind the Anglo Mysore struggle?
1. Tipu Sultan disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company.
2. Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom.
3. Haidar Ali took the help of the Dutch to set up an arms factory at Dindigul.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Tipu sultan disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. is angered the company very much.

Statement 2 is correct. Mysore had grown in strength under the leadership of powerful rulers like Haidar Ali (ruled from 1761 to 1782) and his famous son Tipu Sultan (ruled from 1782 to 1799). Mysore controlled the pro table trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In 1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Haider Ali established a close relationship with the French in India, and modernised his army with their help. Haidar Ali took the help of the French (and not of Dutch) to set up an arms factory at Dindigul (now in Tamil Nadu), and also introduced Western methods of training for his army. He also started to use his considerable diplomatic skill to defeat his opponents.

#84. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The Anglo-Maratha Wars were three wars fought between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company between 1775 and 1818.

Pair 1 is incorrect. The struggle for power between Madhav Rao and Raghunath Rao resulted in the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782). After the death of Peshwa Madhav Rao in 1772, his son, Naryan Rao became peshwa. His uncle, Raghunath Rao got him murdered and himself became the Peshawa. But some Maratha declared the posthumous child of Narayan Rao, Madhav Rao Narayan, as the Peshawa. is resulted in a war of succession.

Pair 2 is correct. The main cause of the second Maratha war (1803-05) was the defeat of the peshwa Baji Rao II by the Holkars. As a result of which he accepted British protection by signing the Treaty of Bassein in December 1802. The Scindias and the Bhonsles did not accept this treaty and this caused the second Anglo-Maratha war in 1803.

Pair 3 is correct. The Pindaris were attached to Maratha armies as mercenaries. When the Marathas became weak, the Pindaris could not get regular employment. As a consequence, they started plundering neighbouring territories, including those of the Company. The English charged against the Pindaris. British actions against the Pindaris were seen as a transgression of the sovereignty of the Marathas. is resulted in the third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-18).

#85. With reference to Indian history, consider the following events:
1. Signing of the Treaty of Seringapatam
2. Signing of the Treaty of Madras
3. Signing of the Treaty of Bassine
4. Signing of the Treaty of Salbai
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

1-2-3-4
1-2-3-4

2-4-1-3
2-4-1-3

2-3-4-1
2-3-4-1

1-3-2-4
1-3-2-4

Statement 1. The treaty of Seringapatam was signed in 1792 between Mysore and the British. Under this, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the English.

Statement 2. The Treaty of Madras was signed in 1769 between Mysore and the British. The treaty provided for the exchange of prisoners and mutual restitution of conquests. Haidar Ali was promised the help of the English in case he was attacked by any other power.

Statement 3. The Treaty of bassine was signed in 1802 between Maratha and the British. Under the treaty, the Peshwa agreed to cede a part of his territory to Company and to give up all claims for chauth on the Nizam’s dominions.

Statement 4. The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782 between the Maratha Peshwa and the English. It provided that Salsette should continue in the possession of the English and Bassein was restored to the Marathas.

#86. Consider the following statements with reference to the Policy of Paramountcy:
1. Company’s authority was considered to be greater than that of Indian states.
2. Policy of paramountcy was initiated under the Governor General Warren Hasting.
3. Rani Channamma of Kitoor led an anti-British resistance against the policy of paramountcy.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

3 only
3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. Under the Policy of paramountcy, the Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme. Hence its power was greater than that of Indian states. With paramountcy, the British Government exercised the right to interfere in the internal affairs of states through their residents or by appointing and dismissing ministers and officials.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The policy of “paramountcy” was initiated under Lord Hastings (Governor General from 1813 to 1823). Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal between 1773 and 1785.

Statement 3 is correct. The policy of paramountcy was met with resistance. When the British tried to annex the small state of Kitoor (in Karnataka today), Rani Channamma took to arms and led an anti-British resistance against the policy of paramountcy.

#87. Which of the following is the main reason for the British to secure control of North-west India during 19th century?

They saw the rulers of Punjab as ambitious that can endanger their control over India.
They saw the rulers of Punjab as ambitious that can endanger their control over India.

Kingdoms in Northwest India violated the Doctrine of Lapse policy
Kingdoms in Northwest India violated the Doctrine of Lapse policy

They feared the invasion by Russia.
They feared the invasion by Russia.

They wanted to acquire the rich fertile tracts of North west India to raise land revenue.
They wanted to acquire the rich fertile tracts of North west India to raise land revenue.

The British wanted to secure their control over the north-west as they feared the invasion by the Russia. British fought a prolonged war with Afghanistan between 1838 and 1842 and established indirect Company rule there. Sind was taken over in 1843. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, two prolonged wars were fought with the Sikh kingdom. Ultimately, in 1849, Punjab was annexed. us, the British succeeded to secure control of North-west India. In the late 1830s the East India Company became worried about Russia. It imagined that Russia might expand across Asia and enter India from the north-west.

#88. With reference to the Doctrine of Lapse, consider the following statements:
1. Lord Dalhousie is the originator of this policy.
2.The doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would become part of Company territory.
3. Sambalpur was the first kingdom to be annexed under this doctrine.
4. In 1856, the Company annexed the Awadh as he did not have a legitimate male heir.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

2 only
2 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

1 and 4 only
1 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. ough this policy is attributed
to Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), he was not its originator. It
was a coincidence that during his governor-generalship
several important cases arose in which the ‘Doctrine’
could be applied.

Statement 2 is correct. The doctrine declared that if an
Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would
“lapse”, that is, become part of Company territory.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The following kingdoms were
annexed simply by applying this doctrine: Satara (1848),
Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and
Jhansi (1854). Satara was the first kingdom to be annexed
under this doctrine.

Statement 4 is incorrect. In 1856, the Company also took
over Awadh. is time the British had an added argument
– they said they were “obliged by duty” to take over Awadh
in order to free the people from the “misgovernment” of
the Nawab. Misgovernance was the context given by the
Company to annex Awadh in 1856.

#89. Consider the following statements:
1. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies and were ruled by a Governor.
2.The role of a Collector was to collect revenue and taxes and maintain law and order in his district.
3. From 1772, the criminal courts were presided by the European district collectors.
4. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a court of appeal called the Sadar Nizamat Adalat was set up at Calcutta.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1,2 and 3 only
1,2 and 3 only

1,2 and 4 only
1,2 and 4 only

2,3 and 4 only
2,3 and 4 only

1,2,3 and 4
1,2,3 and 4

Warren Hastings (Governor-General from 1773 to 1785) was one of the many important gures who played a signi cant role in the expansion of Company power. By his time the Company had acquired power not only in Bengal, but also in Bombay and Madras.

Statement 1 is correct. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies. There were three Presidencies: Bengal, Madras and Bombay. Each was ruled by a Governor. The supreme head of the British administration was the GovernorGeneral.

Statement 2 is correct. The principal gure in an Indian district was the Collector. As the title suggests, his main job was to collect revenue and taxes and maintain law and order in his district with the help of judges, police officers and darogas.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Warren Hastings introduced several administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice. From 1772 a new system of justice was established. Each district was to have two courts – a criminal court (faujdari adalat) and a civil court (diwani adalat). Maulvis and Hindu pandits interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who presided over civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and a mufti but under the supervision of the collectors.

Statement 4 is correct. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme Court was established, while a court of appeal – the Sadar Nizamat Adalat – was also set up at Calcutta.

#90. Consider the following statements regarding the Mughal military:
1.The sawars in the Mughal army were given training in archery and the use of the sword.
2.The infantry dominated the Mughal army than the cavalry.
3.The zamindars in rural areas supplied the Mughals with paidal soldiers.
4. In the early nineteenth century the Mughals began to develop a uniform military culture to build a force of professional soldiers.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only

Statement 1 is correct. The Mughal army was mainly composed of cavalry (sawars: trained soldiers on horseback) and infantry, that is, paidal (foot) soldiers. They were given training in archery and the use of the sword.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The cavalry dominated the army and the Mughal state did not feel the need to have a large professionally trained infantry. As warfare technology changed from the 1820s, the cavalry requirements of the Company’s army declined. is is because the British empire was ghting in Burma, Afghanistan and Egypt where soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks.

Statement 3 is correct. The ruralareas had a large number of armed peasants and the local zamindars often supplied the Mughals with paidal soldiers. A change occurred in the eighteenth century when Mughal successor states like Awadh and Benaras started recruiting peasants into their armies and training them as professional soldiers.

Statement 4 is incorrect. In the early nineteenth century, the British (and not mughals) began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to European-style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life far more than before. Often this created problems since caste and community feelings were ignored in building a force of professional soldiers.

The East India Company adopted the same method when it began recruitment for its own army, which came to be known as the sepoy army.

#91. Which of the following statements are correct factors that attracted European trading companies to India?
1.The trading companies acquired charters from the rulers that ensured that they do not face competition from other companies from the same country.
2. Cotton, silk, pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand in the Europe.
3.They looked for new lands from which it could buy goods at a cheap price and sell them to Europe at higher prices.
Select the correct code from the options given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting it the sole right to trade with the East. is meant that no other trading group in England could compete with the East India Company.

Statement 2 is correct. The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon too were in great demand in Europe.

Statement 3 is correct. Mercantile trading companies in those days made profit primarily by excluding competition, so that they could buy cheap and sell dear. With this charter the Company could venture across the oceans, looking for new lands from which it could buy goods at a cheap price, and carry them back to Europe to sell at higher prices. The Company did not have to fear competition from other English trading companies.

#92. With reference to the Permanent settlement, consider the following statements:
1. It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal and Bihar in the late 18th century.
2.The rajas and taluqdars were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company.
3.The amount to be paid was xed permanently so that the zamindar would bene t from increased production from the land.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. It had two special features. Firstly, the zamindars and revenue collectors were converted into so many landlords. Secondly, the zamindars were to give, 10/11th of the rental they derived from the peasantry to the state, keeping only 1/11th for themselves.

Statement 2 is correct. By the terms of the settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company.

Statement 3 is correct. The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future. It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the Company’s offers and at the same time encourage the zamindars to invest in improving the land. Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land.

#93. With reference to the Permanent settlement, consider the following statements:
1. It led to investment by the Zamindars in the improvement of land.
2.The revenue for the Company from Permanent settlement largely increased every year.
3. Under this law, land of the zamindars was liable to be sold if they failed to pay government revenue punctually.
4.The zamindars was recognized as the owners of the land and the land was transferable.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only

The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was brought by the Governor-General Lord Cornwallis in 1793. is was an agreement between the company and the Zamindars to fix the land revenue.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Permanent Settlement created many problems. Company officials soon discovered that the zamindars were in fact not investing in the improvement of land. The revenue that had been fixed was so high that the zamindars found it difficult to pay. As long as the zamindars could give out the land to tenants and get rent, they were not interested in improving the land.

Statement 2 is incorrect. By the rst decade of the nineteenth century, the prices in the market rose and cultivation slowly expanded. is meant an increase in the income of the zamindars but no gain for the Company since it could not increase a revenue demand that had been fixed permanently.

Statement 3 is correct. The zamindars had to pay his revenue rigidly on the due date even if the crop had failed for some reason; otherwise, his lands were to be sold. The sums to be paid by the zamindars as land revenue were xed in perpetuity. If the rental of a zamindar’s estate increased due to extension of cultivation and improvement in agriculture, or his capacity to extract more from the tenants, or any other reason, he would keep the entire amount of the increase.

Statement 4 is correct. The zamindars became the owners of the entire land in their zamindaris. their right of ownership was made hereditary and transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long-standing rights to the soil and other customary rights.

#94. With reference to Mahalwari settlement, consider the following statements:
1. Holt Mackenzie devised this settlement system for North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency.
2. In British revenue records, mahal is a revenue estate which may be a village or a group of villages.
3.The estimated revenue of each mahal was to be revised periodically.
4. The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the zamindar.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

Mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced in
the North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province region.
Under this system, the unit for revenue settlement was the
entire village.

It was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 and was
reviewed under Lord William Bentinck in 1833.

Statement 1 is correct. In the North Western Provinces
(most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman
called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which
came into effect in 1822. is system came to be known as
the mahalwari settlement.

Statement 2 is correct. In British revenue records, mahal is a revenue estate which may be a village or a group of villages. Holt Mackenzie felt that the village was an important social institution in north Indian
society and needed to be preserved. Under his directions,
collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the elds, and recording the customs and
rights of different groups.

Statement 3 is correct. The estimated revenue of each
plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue
that each village (mahal) had to pay. is demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed.

Statement 4 is incorrect. The charge of collecting the
revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the
village headman, rather than the zamindar.

#95. Consider the following statements:
1. In ryotwari settlement, the agreement was directly made with the cultivators.
2.The revenue assessment was made after the elds were separately surveyed.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Ryotwari system, one of the three principal methods
of revenue collection in British India. It involved direct
collection of the land revenue from each individual
cultivator by government agents.

The Ryotwari system was prevalent in most of southern
India, especially in the Madras Presidency. It was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. is system was subsequently developed by omas Munro, and was gradually extended all over south India.

Statement 1 is correct. Read and Munro felt that in the
south there were no traditional zamindars. ey made the
settlement directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had
tilled the land for generations.

Statement 2 is correct. The felds had to be carefully
and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment
was made. Munro thought that the British should act as
paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their
charge.

Driven by the desire to increase the income from land,
revenue officials xed too high a revenue demand. Peasants were unable to pay, ryots fled the countryside, and villages became deserted in many regions.

#96. Which of the following is the main reason for the cultivation of indigo plantation in India by end of 18th century?

Sharp decline in the world production of indigo.
Sharp decline in the world production of indigo.

European cloth manufacturers boycotted woad that was used to make violet and blue dyes.
European cloth manufacturers boycotted woad that was used to make violet and blue dyes.

The demand for synthetic dyes declined due to its poor quality.
The demand for synthetic dyes declined due to its poor quality.

The blue dye used in the Morris prints in nineteenthcentury Britain was manufactured from indigo plants cultivated in India. From the last decades of the eighteenthcentury indigo cultivation in Bengal expanded rapidly and Bengal indigo came to dominate the world market. In 1788 only about 30 per cent of the indigo imported into Britain was from India. By 1810, the proportion had gone up to 95 percent.

Option a is correct. Between 1783 and 1789 the production of indigo in the world fell by half. Britain began to industrialise, and its cotton production expanded dramatically, creating an enormous new demand for cloth dyes. While the demand for indigo increased, its existing supplies from the West Indies and America collapsed. Cloth dyers in Britain now desperately looked for new sources of indigo supply. Faced with the rising demand for indigo in Europe, the East India Company in India looked for ways to expand the area under indigo cultivation.

Option b is incorrect. European cloth manufacturers depended on a plant called woad to make violet and blue dyes. Being a plant of the temperate zones, woad was more easily available in Europe. Worried by the competition from indigo, woad producers in Europe pressurised their governments to ban the import of indigo. Cloth dyers, however, preferred indigo as a dye. Indigo produced a rich blue colour, whereas the dye from woad was pale and dull. By the seventeenth century, European cloth producers persuaded their governments to relax the ban on indigo import.

Option c is incorrect. The synthetic dyes were discovered in the late nineteenth century that led to decline in demand for indigo. Option d is incorrect. The indigo plant grows primarily in the tropics. By the thirteenth century Indian indigo was being used by cloth manufacturers in Italy, France and Britain to dye cloth. The French began cultivating indigo in St Domingue in the Caribbean islands, the Portuguese in Brazil, the English in Jamaica, and the Spanish in Venezuela. Indigo plantations also came up in many parts of North America.

Knowledge Base: As the indigo trade grew, commercial agents and officials of the Company began investing in indigo production. Those who had no money to produce indigo could get loans from the Company and the banks that were coming up at the time.

There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti. Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers.

#97. In context to ‘Gomastha’ during the British India rule, which of the following statements is correct?

They were the commission agents who operated as mediator between the buyer and seller during internal trade in commodities.
They were the commission agents who operated as mediator between the buyer and seller during internal trade in commodities.

They were the mediators who settled disputes out of court by arbitration.
They were the mediators who settled disputes out of court by arbitration.

These are the o cials who distributed wages to Indian sepoys.
These are the o cials who distributed wages to Indian sepoys.

They were paid agents of East India company to supervise weavers in India.
They were paid agents of East India company to supervise weavers in India.

The Gomasthas were the British East India Company’s Indian agents, who signed agreements with the artisans and local weavers to supply goods to the firm. They set the cost of the products. The East India Company wanted to establish its political hold in country and to assert a monopoly of right to trade. It eliminated the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

#98. In context to indigo cultivation in India, consider the following statements:
1. In the Nij system, the planter produced indigo on lands that he directly controlled.
2.The Ryoti system, the peasants cultivated the plant and had to deliver it to the factory at fixed price.
3.The expansion of land was diffcult in Nij system of cultivation than the Ryoti system.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Indigo was being cultivated in Bengal since the end of the 18th century. It was practiced mainly in two forms, the Nij-abad and the Ryoti . e rising demand for indigo in Europe made the Company look at India as a vast market. Later company looked India for ways to expand the area under indigo cultivation. Indigo in India was grown under two systems of production Nij and Ryoti.

Statement 1 is correct. Under the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers. Nij cultivation on a large scale required many ploughs and bullocks which was difficult to get from the peasants since their ploughs and bullocks were busy on their rice elds exactly at the time when the indigo planters needed them.

Statement 2 is correct. In the Ryoti cultivation, the ryots cultivated indigo on their own lands as part of a contract with the planters. e Ryoti system was also known asamiwar. In this system the peasants cultivated the plant and had to deliver it to the factory at fixed price. Almost all the indigo was produced under this system. It was the predominant form of indigo cultivation in Bengal. is system was advantageous for planters as the price paid to the peasant was very low. The refusal of peasants to grow the indigo might lead to a beating or imprisonment and the destruction of the other crops on his land.

Statement 3 is correct. The cultivation of indigo depended on many factors: It can only be done on fertile lands; It requires large areas which needs to be bifurcated into compact blocks for cultivation in plantations which becomes difficult in densely populated area.

Large number of labour. Hence any expansion of fertile land around factory area required leasing of the land around the indigo factory and evict the peasants from the area which led to conflicts and tension among peasants and planters making Nij cultivation a difficult process. is was not the case in ryoti system since the land was of peasants itself.

#99. Which of the following factors led to the fall of Punjab into British hands after death of Ranjit singh?
1. He was followed by a line of weak successors.
2.The strength of Punjab military forces was lesser than that of the British.
3.There was a rise of court factions and rivalry for power capture.
4. There was instability in administration.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

Statement 1 is correct: Raja Ranjit Singh was the last strong native ruler of Punjab. After his death he was followed in quick succession by weak or inefficient or infantile successors, all of whom could not resist the British pressure for annexation.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Punjab had a huge army at its disposal, more (not less) than that of the British. In the First Anglo-Sikh war of 1845-46, 50,000 soldiers of Punjab stood against 20-30, 000 British soldiers. However, they were defeated due to treachery of their army generals Teja Singh and Lal Singh who made secret pacts with the British.

Statement 3 is correct: After the death of a powerful king like Ranjit Singh who had kept courtiers in check, in the absence of a strong successor, the court got divided into many rival factions, each with the ambition of becoming more powerful than the rest, wanting to capture power by inffiuencing the weak king. They also allowed the British small favours and interference for their narrow gains. is helped British capture Punjab.

Statement 4 is correct: In the absence of a strong ruler, people fought and plotted for powerful posts like that of the army commander or the regent. People like Hira Singh, Jawahar Singh, Lal Singh and Teja Singh fought amongst themselves for control of the regency. is led to chaos in administration, economy and military discipline, all of which made Punjab weaker and unable to resist annexation by the British.

#100. Consider the following pairs of the leaders during the Revolt of 1857:
Select the correct answer from the code given below

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

4 only
4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4 only

Pair 1 is correct. On 6 June, revolt of 1857, the soldiers of 6th Native Infantry declared revolution and the localities along with retired soldiers joined hands with them. Maulvi Liyakat Ali took over the charge as the Governor of independent Allahabad and made Khusrubagh his headquarters. e revolt undertook by soldiers was subdued under Colonel Oncell who later captured Benaras. While Brigadier Niel re-established his supremacy over Allahabad.

Pair 2 is correct. The Queen of Ramgarh Rani Avantibai Lodhi led an armed revolt of 1857 against British in small town of Ramagarh in Madhya Pradesh. She not only stood against the oppressive practices of Britishers who seized Mahakoshal region from Maratha Rajas of Nagpur but also led battle against them after heavy taxation was imposed to farmers and zamindars in Mandla.

Pair 3 is incorrect. Birjis Qadr (20 August 1845 – 14 August 1893) was the Nawab of Awadh (not Orissa) from 1857 until 1858. Following the outbreak of the Sepoy Mutiny, Qadr’s mother appointed him monarch of the state in 1857 and she became his regent. Although they provided stiff resistance to the British forces, they fled to Kathmandu in Nepal the following year after the capture of Lucknow.

Pair 4 is correct. The outstanding leader who took up the revolt against Bristish was Kunwar Singh of Arrah. He led the sepoys of rebellious Ramgarh state battalion to Mirzapur. He reached up to Rewa state. But Kunwar Singh did not move southwards rather he returned to Banda and then back to Arrah where he engaged and defeated the British troops. Later it was under William Taylor that the revolt was suppressed in Arah.

#101. With reference to the changes introduced by the British after 1858, consider the following statements:
1. Land and Property of the Muslim subjects were con scated.
2. Landlords were given the protection of their land and property.
3. A senior director of the EIC (East India Company) was appointed as the Secretary of state for India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

After revolt of 1857, the British regained control by the
end of 1859. But they introduced important changes in
their policies for ruling India. ey were as follows:

Statement 1 is correct: e British believed that Muslims
were responsible for the rebellion at large scale, thus
were treated with doubts. eir land and property were
also confiscated on a large scale.

Statement 2 is correct: Policies were made to protect
landlords and zamindars and give them security of
rights over their lands.

Statement 3 is incorrect: – Secretary of State for India,
member of the British Cabinet was appointed and made
responsible for all matters related to the governance of
India.

#102. With reference to the causes of failure of the British in the Anglo-Afghan Wars, consider the following statements:
1. Russia provided Afghans with superior artillery to defeat the British in combat.
2.The tribes of Afghanistan were hard to control remotely.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect: Both Russia and Britain contested for influence over Afghanistan as it formed a frontier land between their respective empires (Russian empire in the north and Britain’s colony – Indian empire in South). Although Russia did place its envoy in Kabul intermittently, they did not provide a direct supply of artillery or ammunition to the Afghans against the British. As a result, the Afghans often lost in direct combat/ battle against the British (in 1839 during First Anglo-Afghan War) and later in 1879 during Second Anglo-Afghan War.

Statement 2 is correct: During Anglo-Afghan Wars tribes of Afghanistan were hard to control remotely. Afghanistan was resided by aggressive tribes, who were proud and disliked external interference in their matters. The Afghan tribes used to rebel and overthrow the puppet ruler propped by the British as soon as British Government withdraw physically from the Afghan lands. For example, they overthrew Shah Shuja propped by the British during first Anglo-Afghan war and reinstalled Dost Mohammed (who was acceptable to them). Ultimately the British had to abandon their plans of controlling Afghanistan remotely.

#103. With reference to the Jotedars in modern Indian history, consider the following statements:
1. Jotedars were rich peasants during eighteenth century.
2. Zamindari system led to decline of power of Jotedars.
3. Jotedars were involved in local trade and Moneylending.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct:- Jotedars were a group of rich peasants who consolidated their position in the villages at the end of the eighteenth century, while position of Zamindar’s position was on decline.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Jotedars position was not weekend by the zamindars rather Zamindars position was weakened due to rise of Jotedars. Jotedars were very powerful than zamindars within the villages as they controlled local trade as well as moneylending. They also exercise immense power over the poorer cultivators of the region. Jotedars purchased the auctioned land which earlier belonged to Zamindars. eir rise inevitably weakened zamindari authority.

Statement 3 is correct: Jotedars controlled local trade, moneylending, exercised immense power over the poorer cultivators. For example, their land was cultivated through sharecroppers (adhiyars or bargadars) who brought their own ploughs, laboured in the field, and handed over half the produce to the jotedars after the harvest.

#104. What was the aim of a limitation law passed by British in 1859?

Reservation of certain o ces for covenanted civil servants.
Reservation of certain o ces for covenanted civil servants.

To check exploitation of ryots by moneylenders.
To check exploitation of ryots by moneylenders.

Limiting Powers of EEIC and Transferring it to British Government.
Limiting Powers of EEIC and Transferring it to British Government.

Delegating legislative powers to the provinces.
Delegating legislative powers to the provinces.

Statement a is incorrect: The Indian Civil Service Act, 1861 mentioned that the examination was to be conducted in England in English language, based on
classical learning of Greek and Latin and It reserved certain offices for covenanted civil Servants.

Statement b is correct: – The Limitation Act was passed
by the British in 1859. It aimed to check the exploitation
of ryots by moneylenders and the accumulation of interest over time. It mandated that the loan agreement signed between moneylenders and ryots would be valid only for a period of three years.

Statement c is incorrect: The Government of India Act
1858 was enacted to subsume and transfer of all the powers of the EIC under British Crown.

Statement d is incorrect: The Indian Council Act 1861
devolved the legislative powers to the Governments of
Bombay and Madras.

#105. With reference to the reasons for the decline of the Portuguese rule in Indian Subcontinent, consider the following:
1. Annexation of Salsette and Bassein Island by British
2. Sea Piracy by Portuguese
3. Discovery of Brazil
which of the following are the correct reasons for the decline of the Portuguese rule?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Various factors which led to the decline of the Portuguese are given below: Statement 1 is incorrect : The Marathas (not British) captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese. Marathas rose to prominence in their immediate neighbourhood. Afterward, Battle of Vasai or The Siege of Bacaim was fought in 1739 under Bajirao’s brother Chimaji Appa. The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese.

Statement 2 is correct: Portuguese were involved in dishonest trade practices like sea piracy which declined their power in Indian subcontinent. Their arrogance and violence through unfair methods, brought them the animosity of the rulers of small states and the imperial Mughals as well. Animosity from other states made their grounds weak on Indian subcontinent.

Statement 3 is correct: The discovery of Brazil shifted the colonising activities of Portugal to the West or Latin American region. Which led to decline of Portuguese power in India subcontinent. Knowledge Base: Other factors that led to decline of Portuguese presence in India:

1. The religious policies of being antagonistic against Muslims. They carried out conversion activities, and activities of the Jesuits.

2. Alliance of Spain and Portugal in 1580-81, and Spain’s wars with England and Holland, adversely affected the Portuguese monopoly of trade in India.

3. Other European powers also learnt the skills of ocean navigation, which were earlier monopolized by the Portuguese.

#106. Consider the pairs given below:
Which of the pairs given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct: First Carnatic War (1740-48):
English navy under Barnet seized French ships. It provoked
France and France retaliated by seizing Madras in 1746,
under Admiral La Bourdonnais, the French governor of
Mauritius. us began the first Carnatic War.

Statement 2 is correct: Second Carnatic War (1749-
54): Succession rivalry in Hyderabad and Carnatic
by British and France led to the second Carnatic wars.
French supported the claims of Muzaffar Jang, while the
English sided with Nasir Jang in Hyderabad, whereas,
French supported Chanda Sahib and British supported
Anwar-ud-din in case of Carnatic.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Third Carnatic war (1758-63):
e outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in Europe in 1756
the English captured Chandernagore in India. It led to
the beginning of third Carnatic war.

#107. Which of the following factors is/are responsible for making Panipat as favorable battlefield?
1. Construction of Grand Trunk (GT) Road.
2. Short period of monsoon rainfall.
3. Availability of expert artisans/smiths involved in warfare-related items.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

Many battles were fought at Panipat in Indian history viz.
First Battle of Panipat (1526), Second Battle of Panipat (1556) and ird Battle of Panipat (1761). It was a favourite battlefeld due to various reasons:

Statement 1 is correct: Construction of the Grand Trunk
Road by Sher Shah Suri (1540-45). It was located on this
route. It became easier for conquerors to nd their way
there through this route.

Statement 2 is correct: Short Monsoon rainfall duration
in the region in comparison to other areas. It allows
easiness in ghting.

Statement 3 is correct: Artisans/smiths of these regions
were experts in making warfare-related materials. us,
forces could easily be replenished with war materials.

#108. With reference to the reasons for the downfall of the Mughals, consider the following statements:
1. Shifting Allegiance of Zamindars
2. Rivalry between the nobles
3. Economic extravagance by the rulers
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1,2 and 3
1,2 and 3

e major factors which contributed to the downfall of
the Mughal Empire are discussed below.
Statement 1 is correct. Shifting allegiance of Zamindars,
from Mughals to nobles was one of the main reasons
for downfall of Mughal empire. In Mughal times, Zamindars were important and powerful functionaries. Mughals tried to curb their power (revenue collection) by maintaining a direct contact with the peasants, but it could not happen completely. Later, during the Aurangzeb rule, Zamindars became more powerful with the help of obles and shifted their allegiance from Mughals resulting in weakening them.

Statement 2 is correct. Nobility was divided on the basis
of religion, homeland and tribe, and each category formed
a group of its own. ere were jealousy, mutual rivalry
and fight for power during later Mughal rule. It resulted
in reducing the prestige of the emperor, as well as decline
of the empire.

Statement 3 is correct. Economic extravagance by the
rulers declined the status and power of Mughal empire.
The luxurious lifestyles of the emperors overburdened the
state. The expenditure exceeded the income of the state.

#109. What was the common thread among the places like Dacca, Varanasi, Multan, Ahmedabad in 18th century India?

Textile Centre
Textile Centre

Seat of Provincial Powers
Seat of Provincial Powers

Centre of revolt against Mughals
Centre of revolt against Mughals

Famine hit areas.
Famine hit areas.

India was self-sufficient in handicrafts and agricultural
products in 18th century. Import of foreign goods was
not done at a large scale. Whereas, Indian industrial and
agricultural products were in good demand in foreign
markets. The silver and gold and entered into India, as
Trade was done in them. Therefore, India was also called
as a sink of precious metals.

Option a is Correct. Important Centres of Textile Industry: Vishakhapatnam, Bangalore, Coimbatore,
Madurai, Patna, Dacca, Murshidabad, Surat, Ahmedabad,
Broach, Chanderi, Burhanpur, Jaunpur, Varanasi, Lucknow, Agra, Multan, Lahore, Masulipatnam,
Aurangabad, Chicacole, etc. Apart from them, Kashmir was a well-known woollen manufacturing centre.

#110. Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): The system of Dual Government led to breakdown of administrative machinery in Bengal.
Reason (R): The long distance between England and India led to delayed directions from the British Parliament to Company.
Select the correct answer using the options given below:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true but R is false
A is true but R is false

A is false but R is true
A is false but R is true

Assertion (A) is true: e system of Dual Government
was introduced in Bengal after the British victory at Battle of Buxar, 1864. It led to the establishment of a
Dual Government in Bengal, where the administration was nominally under the Nawab’s authority, but the real power lay in British hands.

Reason (R) is true: The system of Dual Government
between Company and British Parliament, exercised via the Board of Control, was introduced by (Pitt’s India Act, 1784), and applicable to all British possessions in
India (not just Bengal). is system of Dual Control led to inefficiencies, as politicians sitting in Britain didn’t
understand the ground realities of Indian society and thus their decisions were not always best suited to Indian conditions.

R is not the correct explanation of A: R is the reason for inefficiencies due to Dual Control of British Indian territories by Company and Board of Control, not the
system of Dual Government in Bengal.The reason why the system of Dual Government in Bengal,
caused breakdown of administrative machinery was that
the Nawab who was the holder of authority formally was greatly weakened and depended on the British for manpower and funds to carry out tasks of administration
like revenue collection and enforcement of law and order.

#111. With reference to Slavery in India during colonial period, consider the following statements:
1. Colonial period made no efforts for the abolishment of slavery in India.
2.They were free to marry and children born to them were free too.
3. People of higher castes generally did not keep slaves for economic tasks like agriculture.
4. Slaves in India were treated as hereditary servants and not as menials.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

At the eve of British conquest of India (17th century) and
during India’s colonial period (18th and 19th centuries) the social practice of Slavery existed in India and had following features.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Charter Act of 1833, asked
the Company to ensure improvement in conditions of slaves and ultimately try to abolish it. In 1843, Company passed a law banning slavery in its Indian territories.
However, as a significant portion of Indian territories
was under Native Princes, slavery continued there
until Independence in 1947. Also even in British Indian
territories, despite the law abolishing slavery, it continued
in different forms (like begari, etc).

Statement 2 is correct: In India, the slaves were free to
marry whomever and whenever they wished, and the children born out of such wedlock were considered free.
On the other hand, the African slaves sold in American colonies were not free to marry (had to take permission of
their owners) and the children born of such slave wedlock
were considered property of the master/ owner too.

Statement 3 is correct: People belonging to higher
castes such as Khatri, Rajputs and Kayasthas, generally
kept a woman slave for domestic help. In India, generally
slave labour was not used for productive economic tasks
like agriculture. is is in contrast to Afro-American slaves, who apart from domestic works, were used in
vast plantations, free of wages, to generate pro ts for the
owners.

Statement 4 is correct: Unlike slaves in Europe, who
were often treated as menials, the condition of slaves in India was better. They were treated more as hereditary servants (bound to the generations of the family they
serve, with their children expected-not forced, to serve the next generation of the owner family, just as their parents did).

#112. With reference to the last stages of Mughal Rule in India, consider the following statements:
1.There were more mansabdars than the available jagirs during this time.
2.The zamindars were devoid of non-transferable lands and lost hereditary rights.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct: During the last stages of Mughal
Rule in India (Aurangzeb and his weak successors),
there developed an economic administrative crisis
known as the Jagirdari Crisis in the Mughal empire. It was characterised by an abundance of nobility and high ranks (mansabs) and a dearth/ shortage of revenue assignments (Jagirs).

Statement 2 is incorrect: When Mughal Rule entered its
last phase, the Zamindars had grown powerful compared
to the Mughal State, and were given non-transferable,
hereditary rights in order to win their support. Earlier during Akbar’s reign, these posts were not hereditary and reverted back to the state on death of the appointee. These zamindars also did not have rights to land, but
only the right to collection of revenue.

#113. With reference to the Portuguese policies in India, consider the following statements:
1. Viceroys were given the charge of revenue in their administration.
2. Nino da Cunha arranged for settlement of Portuguese nationals in Bengal.
3.The Portuguese were highly tolerant towards other religions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

The Arrival of Vasco-da-gama, at the port of Calicut in South West India in 1498 marked the entry of Portuguese in India. Vasco da Gama set up a trading factory at
Cannanore. Gradually, Calicut, Cannanor and Cochin became the important trade centres of the Portuguese.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Viceroy was the head of the
Portuguese administration and served for three years,
with his secretary and, in later years, a council. Vedor da
Fazenda, who was next in importance, was responsible
for revenues and the cargoes and dispatch of fleets. the
fortresses, from Africa to China, were under captains, assisted by ‘factors’, whose power was increased by the
difficulties of communication and was too often used for
personal ends.

Statement 2 is correct. Nino da Cunha assumed office of
the governor of Portuguese interests in India in November
1529 and almost one year later shifted the headquarters
of the Portuguese government in India from Cochin to
Goa. Da Cunha also attempted to increase Portuguese
influence in Bengal by settling many Portuguese nationals
there with Hooghly as their headquarters.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Portuguese were intolerant in religious matters. They indulged in forcible conversion
offering people the alternative of Christianity. When
they arrived in India, the Portuguese brought with
them the zeal to promote Christianity and the wish to
persecute all Muslims. Intolerant towards the Muslims, the Portuguese were initially quite tolerant towards the
Hindus. However, over time, after the introduction of the
Inquisition in Goa, there was a change and Hindus were
also persecuted.

#114. Consider the following European powers:
1. French
2. English
3. Danes
4. Dutch
5. Portuguese
Arrange chronologically the settlement of the above given European powers in India?

5-2-4-1-3
5-2-4-1-3

1-5-2-4-3
1-5-2-4-3

2-5-1-4-3
2-5-1-4-3

5-2-4-3-1
5-2-4-3-1

Option d is correct. The chronological arrangement of
the settlement of the following European power in IndiaPortuguese (1498), English (1600), Dutch (1602),
Danes (1616), French (1664).

Portuguese: Portuguese settlement began with the arrival
of three ships under Vasco Da Gama, led by a Gujarati
pilot named Abdul Majid, at Calicut in May 1498. He set
up a trading factory at Cannanore.

English: On December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth I
issued a charter with rights of exclusive trading to the company named the ‘Governor and Company of
Merchants of London trading into the East Indies’. In 1611, the English had started trading at Masulipatnam on the south-eastern coast of India and later established a
factory there in 1616.

Dutch: In 1602, the States-General of the Netherlands
amalgamated many trading companies into the East India
Company of the Netherlands. is company was also
empowered to carry on war, to conclude treaties, to
take possession of territory and to erect fortresses. The
Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam (in
Andhra) in 1605.

Danes: The Danish East India Company was established
in 1616. In 1620, they founded a factory at Tranquebar
near Tanjore, on the eastern coast of India. eir principal
settlement was at Serampore near Calcutta. The Danish
factories were sold to the British government in 1845.
French: They were the last Europeans to come to India
with the purpose of trade. During the reign of Louis XIV,
the king’s famous minister Colbert laid the foundation of
the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India
Company) in 1664. The company was granted a 50-year
monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

#115. “He possessed qualities of an e ective administrator and a diplomat. He was conferred the title of ‘Nawab’ by a Mughal emperor. He was the rst European to interfere in the internal politics of the Indian rulers and paved the path of European conquest of India. He used the Nawab of Carnatic to forbid the English from waging war in his territories. He is considered the originator of the practice of subsidiary alliance in India.”
The above paragraph best describes which of the following personalities?

Lord Wellesley
Lord Wellesley

Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings

Joseph Dupleix
Joseph Dupleix

Robert Clive
Robert Clive

Joseph Francis Dupleix, born in 1697, was the son of a wealthy Farmer-General of Taxes and Director-General of the Company of the Indies. He possessed qualities of an administrator, a diplomat, and a leader besides having
political insight with a broad vision.

In 1730, Dupleix won his case, and was appointed as
governor of Chandernagore.
In 1741, he was appointed as the Director-General of
French colonies in India. Later, he was conferred the title
of Nawab by the Mughal emperor and the subahdar of
Deccan, Muzzaffar Jang.

He enhanced the defences of Pondicherry and made it the emporium of commerce in south India.

The effective diplomacy of Dupleix can be seen from the
analysis of the rst two Carnatic wars. He used the Nawab of Carnatic to forbid the English from waging war in his
territories so that the French settlements at Pondicherry could be protected till the French forces acquired enough strength.

Dupleix was the first European to interfere in the internal politics of the Indian rulers. He supported
Muzzaffar Jang for Hyderabad and Chanda Sahib for Carnatic and his candidates emerged successful and, in return, gave great concessions to Dupleix.

Dupleix was, in fact, the originator of the practice of
subsidiary alliance in India. He placed a French army at
Hyderabad at the expense of the subahdar.

#116. Consider the following statements with respect to the problems of Mughal administration in the 18th century:
1.The availability of a limited number of jagirs led to exploitation of peasants.
2. Increase in khalisa land led to nancial burden on the state.
3.There was no signi cant advancement in scienti c and technological field.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

Many factors contributed to the downfall of the Mughal
Empire in 18th century.

Statement 1 is correct. e economy of the Mughal empire in 18th century deteriorated due to availability
of limited number of jagirs and increasing contests among many jagirdars. The number of amirs and their
ranks or mansabs had increased sharply over time; there
was little land left to be distributed among them as jagirs.
Aurangzeb tried to solve the problem of acute shortage
of jagirs or bejagiri by showing enhanced income from the jagirs on record. But this was a short-sighted measure as the amirs tried to recover the recorded income from
their jagirs by pressurising the peasantry. So, both the amirs and the peasantry were antagonised.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Reduction in khalisa land
(and not its increase) burdened the nances of the state.
Khalisa land refers to land owned directly by the Mughal
Emperor. The revenue collected from these lands was sent
to the emperor’s personal treasury. Other events like the
wars, the luxurious lifestyles of the emperors and amirs
alike, etc. also put increasing pressure on the nances. The
result was that the expenditure of the state much exceeded
its income

Statement 3 is correct. ere was no significant scientific and technological advance that could have improved a stagnant economy. In contrast, Europeans were rapidly
making progress in science and technology

#117. Regarding the regional states which emerged a er the decline of Mughal empire in 18th century, which of the following statements is incorrect?

These states developed sound administrative, nancial and military system.
These states developed sound administrative, nancial and military system.

The states were constantly engaged in warfare with neighbouring regional powers.
The states were constantly engaged in warfare with neighbouring regional powers.

The Jagirdari crisis intensi ed under regional powers.
The Jagirdari crisis intensi ed under regional powers.

Both internal and foreign trade continued under the administration of regional powers.
Both internal and foreign trade continued under the administration of regional powers.

Many states emerged as a result of the decline of the
Mughal Empire: Successor states like Awadh, Bengal and
Hyderabad, independent kingdoms like Mysore and the
Rajput states and the new states such as Maratha, the Sikh
and the Jat states.

The independent political systems that emerged in the
provinces continued to maintain ties with the Mughal imperial authority and acknowledged the emperor’s
importance as an umbrella.

Statement a is incorrect. e provincial rulers failed to develop a system based on sound financial,
administrative and military organisation. ough some
of them tried to modernise, notably Mysore, on the whole,
they were backward in science and technology.

Statement b is correct. Engagement in constant warfare
was another major drawback of regional states. These
states were in constant war with the neighbouring
regional powers—wars in which none could ultimately dominate. In fact, these states were strong enough to
challenge Mughal power, but none was able to replace it
with a stable polity at an all-India level.

Statement c is correct. e jagirdari crisis intensified
under the regional states as income from agriculture
declined, and the number of contenders for a share of the
surplus multiplied.

Statement d is correct. Trade both, internal and foreign,
continued without disruption and even prospered under
the administration of regional rulers. However, the rest of
the economy stagnated.

#118. Consider the following statements with reference to Chapati and Lotus movement during 1857:
1. It turned out to be an effective weapon of psychological warfare against colonial rule.
2. Chapatis with secret message encoded in them were distributed rapidly in parts of North India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

In 1857, tensions in British-occupied India were at an alltime high. In February of that year, a strange thing began to occur. ousands of chapatis were distributed by the
people rapidly. Lotus flowers and bits of goats’ flesh, so it was rumoured, were also passed from hand to
hand during the period. Much of it began and continued mysteriously.

Statement 1 is correct: The objective behind the strategy
was to create an atmosphere of mysterious restlessness, the experiment had been very successful. The mysterious chapati deliveries of 1857 that put the British into
such a tizzy turned out to be an effective weapon of
psychological warfare against colonial rule.

Statement 2 is incorrect: In the movement, thousands
of unmarked chapatis (not encoded with any message) were distributed to homes and police outposts throughout India by runners at night, and the people who accepted
the offerings would quietly make more batches and pass
them on. Extensive enquiries into the meaning of this
bizarre distribution produced plenty of theories but few
facts. As there was not a word written on or sign made on the chapatis, the British were livid at being unable to find grounds for stopping or arresting the chapati runners.

#119. . Consider the following statements with reference to the reasons for absence of an All-India participation in the Revolt of 1857:
1.There was an absence of national consciousness among the people.
2. Certain sections viewed the revolt as backward looking and so did not support the revolt.
3. Earlier uprisings in many other regions of the country had been brutally suppressed by the Company.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The revolt started in 1857 initiated with the Sepoy Mutiny and then expanded to more regions standing against East
India Company (EIC) and their atrocities. However, it largely failed due to variety of causes and limited
territorial spread was among one of the key causes.

Statement 1 is correct: It is argued that national
consciousness had not yet awakened in modern sense.
Most of the population associated themselves with the princely state they lived in. An all-India ruler was also
absent as Mughal power had declined signi cantly. Many
people distanced themselves with the revolt of 1857 as
they did not deem it be their own cause.

Statement 2 is correct: Educated Indians viewed this
revolt as backward looking, supportive of the feudal order
and as a reaction of traditional conservative forces to modernity and so they did not join the movement. These people had high hopes that the British would usher in an
era of modernisation.

Statement 3 is correct: There was no all- India veneer
about the revolt. The eastern, southern, and westernparts of India remained more or less unaffected. is was
probably because the earlier uprisings in those regions had been brutally suppressed by the Company.

#120. Consider the following statements with reference to reasons to proclaim Bahadur Shah Jafar as Emperor of India during the revolt of 1857:
1. Mughal dynasty had become the traditional symbol of India’s political unity.
2.The outlook of the rebels was not influenced by religious identity but against a common enemy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct: Delhi was soon to become the
centre of the Great Revolt and Bahadur Shah, its symbol.
is spontaneous raising of the last Mughal king to the leadership of the country was a recognition of the fact that the long reign of the Mughal dynasty had become the traditional symbol of India’s political unity. With
this single act, the sepoys had transformed a mutiny of soldiers into a revolutionary war, while all Indian chiefs
who took part in the revolt hastened to proclaim their
loyalty to the Mughal emperor.

Statement 2 is correct: The proclamation also signified
that the rebels were politically motivated. ough religion was a factor, the broad outlook of the rebels
was not influenced by religious identity but by the perception of the British as the common enemy

#121. Consider the following pairs with reference to leaders of the revolt of 1857 and their location
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Khan Bahadur, a
descendant of the former ruler of Rohilkhand, was placed
in command in Bareily (not Faizabad). He organised an army of 40,000 soldiers and offered stiff resistance to the
British.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Nana Saheb, the adopted
son of the last peshwa, Baji Rao II was in commander
in charge of Kanpur. He was banished from Poona, and was living near Kanpur. Nana Saheb expelled the
English from Kanpur, proclaimed himself the peshwa,
acknowledged Bahadur Shah as the Emperor of India, and declared himself to be his governor.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Maulvi Ahmadullah led
charge in Faizabad (not Bareily). He was a native of
Madras and had moved to Faizabad in the north where he
fought a stiff battle against the British troops. He emerged
as one of the revolt’s acknowledged leaders once it broke
out in Awadh in May 1857.

Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Kunwar Singh, the
zamindar of Jagdishpur, led the revolt in Bihar (and not
Meerut). He was an old man in his 70s, he nursed a grudge against the British who had deprived him of his
estates. He unhesitatingly joined the sepoys when they
reached Arrah from Dinapore (Danapur).

#122. Consider the following statements with reference to leaders of the revolt of 1857 and their cause for joining the revolt:
1. Nana Shaheb was infuriated as he was refused the family title and banished from Poona.
2. Kunwar Singh was grudging as he was deprived of his estates.
3. Khan Bhahdur was not happy with the pension being granted by the British.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct: Nana Shaheb was refused the
family title and banished from Poona, and was living
near Kanpur. The Company’s refusal to continue the pension after his father’s death, as well as what he
perceived as high-handed policies, led him to join the
rebellion.

Statement 2 is correct: e revolt in Bihar was led by
Kunwar Singh. He was the zamindar of Jagdishpur. He
nursed a grudge against the British who had deprived him of his estates. He unhesitatingly joined the sepoys when they reached Arrah from Dinapore (Danapur). At
the age of 80, he led a selected band of armed soldiers
against the troops under the command of the British East
India Company.

Statement 3 is correct: Khan Bahadur was a descendant
of the former ruler of Rohilkhand. He was placed in command in Bareilly. Not enthusiastic about the pension being granted by the British, he organised an army of
40,000 soldiers and offered stiff resistance to the British.

#123. Consider the following pairs with reference to recapture of centres of revolt of 1857 and the respective British o cer involved:
Which of the pairs given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The Britishers ruthlessly suppressed the revolt at all
major places with brutal force and all their might. By the end of 1859, British authority over India was fully re established. The British government had to pour immense supplies of men, money, and arms into the
country, though the Indians had to later repay the entire
cost through their own suppression.

Pair 1 is correctly matched: e British captured Delhi
on September 20, 1857 after prolonged and bitter ghting.
John Nicholson was the leader of the siege in Delhi. He was badly wounded and later succumbed to his injuries. Terrible vengeance was wreaked on the inhabitants of Delhi. With the fall of Delhi, the focal point of the revolt disappeared.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Sir Colin Campbell occupied Kanpur on December 6, 1857. Nana Saheb,
defeated at Kanpur, escaped to Nepal in early 1859, never to be heard of again. Sir Colin Campbell has earlier evacuated Lucknow as well.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: At Benaras, a rebellion had
been organised which was mercilessly suppressed by
Colonel Neill, who put to death all suspected rebels and
even disorderly sepoys.

#124. With reference to 1857 revolt, which of the following is/are causes of failure of revolt?
1. Poor arms and equipment.
2.The revolt was uncoordinated and poorly organised.
3. Lack of clear understanding of colonial rule.
4.The revolt was localised and not countrywide.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

Causes of failure of 1857 revolt
Statement 1 is correct. e Indian soldiers were poorly equipped materially, ghting generally with swords and spears and very few guns and muskets. On the other hand, the European soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons of war like the Enfield rifle.

Statement 2 is correct. e revolt was poorly organised with no coordination or central leadership. The principal rebel leaders—Nana Saheb, Tantia Tope, Kunwar Singh,
Laxmibai—were no match to their British opponents in
generalship.

Statement 3 is correct. e mutineers lacked a clear understanding of colonial rule; nor did they have a
forward-looking programme, a coherent ideology, a
political perspective or a societal alternative. The rebels
represented diverse elements with differing grievances and concepts of current politics.

Statement 4 is correct. ough the revolt was formidable and widespread it was yet to a great extent localised, limited and ill organised. The area affected was the Punjab, the United Provinces, Rohilkhand, Oudh, the Territory
between the Narbada (Narmada) and the Chambal and the Western parts of Bengal and Bihar on the Northeast.

#125. In the context of Portuguese Prince Henry, consider the following statements:
1. Pope Nicholas V conferred on him the right to navigate the “sea to the distant shores of the Orient”.
2. He had an obsession with the idea of finding an ocean route to India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is correct. Pope Nicholas V gave Prince Henry a bull in 1454, conferring on him the right to
navigate the “sea to the distant shores of the Orient”, more
specifically “as far as India” in an attempt to fight Islamic influence and spread the Christian faith. However, Prince
Henry died before his dream became a reality.

Statement 2 is correct. Historians have observed that the idea of nding an ocean route to India had become an obsession for Prince Henry of Portugal, who was nicknamed the ‘Navigator’; also, he was keen to nd a
way to circumvent the Muslim domination of the eastern
Mediterranean and all the routes that connected India to
Europe.

#126. In the context of history, Treaty of Tordesillas is associated with:

It is a treaty between the rulers of Portugal and Spain to divide the non-Christian world by an imaginary line in the Atlantic.
It is a treaty between the rulers of Portugal and Spain to divide the non-Christian world by an imaginary line in the Atlantic.

Treaty was an agreement between Henry IV, king of England, and the duke of Orléans arose out of the French civil war.
Treaty was an agreement between Henry IV, king of England, and the duke of Orléans arose out of the French civil war.

Peace treaty that ended the ird Anglo-Dutch War.
Peace treaty that ended the ird Anglo-Dutch War.

Under this treaty Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat ceded the Mumbai Islands and other territories to the Portuguese Empire.
Under this treaty Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat ceded the Mumbai Islands and other territories to the Portuguese Empire.

Option a is correct. In 1497, under the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the rulers of Portugal and Spain divided the non-Christian world between them by an
imaginary line in the Atlantic, some 1,300 miles west of the Cape Verde Islands. Under the treaty, Portugal could claim and occupy everything to the east of the line while
Spain could claim everything to the west. The situation
was thus prepared for the Portuguese incursions into the
waters around India.

Option b is incorrect. Treaty of Bourges: In 1412, Treaty of Bourges is an agreement between Henry IV, king of England, and the duke of Orléans arose
out of the French civil war. In return for Henry’s aid
against the Burgundians, Orléans accepted English
claims to sovereignty over the duchy of Aquitaine. Henry
dispatched an army in July 1412, but as the Orléanists had
reached a temporary peace with Burgundy, the treaty was
never fulfilled.

Option c is incorrect. Treaty of Westminster: Treaty of
Westminster of 1674 was the peace treaty that ended the
ird Anglo-Dutch War.

Option d is incorrect. Treaty of Bassein: The Treaty of Bassein was signed by Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat and the Kingdom of Portugal on 23 December 1534 while on board the galleon São Mateus. Based on the terms of the
agreement, the Portuguese Empire gained control of the
city of Bacaim as well as its territories, islands, and seas.

#127. With reference to the Cartaz system, which of the following statement is correct?

Under the system, British traders had to pay tax to the Mughal emperor for trade in India.
Under the system, British traders had to pay tax to the Mughal emperor for trade in India.

It was a land revenue system introduced by British government in India.
It was a land revenue system introduced by British government in India.

It was a sea pass introduced by the Portuguese East India Company in the Indian Ocean.
It was a sea pass introduced by the Portuguese East India Company in the Indian Ocean.

It was a system under which Portuguese got right to trade spices from India by sea route.
It was a system under which Portuguese got right to trade spices from India by sea route.

Cartaz System a sea-pass introduced by the Portuguese East India Company in the Indian Ocean region including Bay of Bengal in the early sixteenth century. Traditionally, the Arab and Persian mariners were predominant in the Indian Ocean trafic and by virtue of their supremacy they maintained order and security in the maritime trade of the region. From the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese superseded the Muslim dominance in the maritime regime of the Indian Ocean. By declaring sovereignty over the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese introduced cartaz system as a mark of their authority. over the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese introduced cartaz system as a mark of their authority.

#128. Consider the following statements:
1. In India Dutch established first factory in Surat.
2.The Dutch traded in Indian commodities like silk, cotton, indigo, rice and opium.
3. Dutch were more interested in building an Empire in India than in trade.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

2 only
2 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. In India, Dutch established
the first factory in Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by
Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam in 1641 and
Chinsura in 1653.

Statement 2 is correct. The most important Indian commodities the Dutch traded in were silk, cotton,
indigo, rice and opium.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Dutch were not much
interested in empire building in India; their concerns were
trade. In any case, their main commercial interest lay in the Spice Islands of Indonesia from where they earned a
huge profit through business.

#129. Consider the following statements:
1. After fourth Anglo-Mysore war the new state of Mysore was handed over to Wodeyar dynasty.
2. William Bentinck took control of Mysore on grounds of misgovernance in 1831.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

In fourth Anglo-Mysore war Tipu Sultan died and his territories were divided between British and Nizam of
Hyderabad. With the death of Tipu Sultan, the supremacy
of the English was more or less established in the Indian
subcontinent. The fall of Seringapatam, the capital of Tipu
Sultan, marked the end of Muslim rule over Mysore.

Statement 1 is correct. e fourth Mysore war was the last of the Anglo Mysore wars. An indirect control of
the capital of Tipu Sultan, Seringapatam and Mysore
came under the hands of the British. They re-established the Wodeyar dynasty to the Mysore throne. Fateh Ali,
Tipu’s young successor, was sent into exile. The Kingdom
of Mysore became a princely state of British India. The members of the family of Tipu Sultan were first kept at Vellore and later they were deported to Calcutta.

Statement 2 is correct. In 1831 William Bentinck took control of Mysore on grounds of misgovernance. In 1881 Lord Ripon restored the kingdom to its ruler.

#130. With regards to British policy towards Sindh, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Lord Auckland adopted a policy of neutrality and advocated complete withdrawal from Sindh.
2. Sindh was merged into the British Empire under the Governor-Generalship of Ellenborough.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Some factors influenced the English to extend their
frontiers in the north-west up to the natural boundary of
India. Thus, occupation of Sindh became a part of their
policy.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Lord Auckland became the
Governor-General in 1836. Lord Auckland did not adopt a policy of neutrality. Infact, he advocated a forward
policy to protect British India’s boundary from a probable Russian attack. Lord William Bentinck (1832)
pursued a policy of neutrality. He therefore decided to
send a“friendly“mission to Calcutta.

Statement 2 is correct: Lord Auckland was replaced by
Lord Ellenborough in 1842. In 1843, under GovernorGeneral Ellenborough, Sindh was merged into the
British Empire and Charles Napier was appointed its first
governor.

#131. With reference to the expansion of British Empire, consider the following events:
1. Signing of the Treaty of Lhasa
2. First Anglo-Afghan War
3. First Anglo-Sikh War.
4. Signing of the Treaty of Amritsar
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

1-2-4-3
1-2-4-3

2-4-3-1
2-4-3-1

4-2-1-3
4-2-1-3

4-2-3-1
4-2-3-1

4- The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on April 25, 1809.
is pact was signed between Metcalfe representing the British, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. The treaty settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. It did fix the frontier of lands controlled by
Ranjit broadly along the line of the Sutlej River

2- The first Anglo-Afghan war was fought from 1839 to 1842. en in 1842, Sir Charles Napier was deputed
to Sindh with complete civil and military authority. Ellenborough sent Outram to Sindh to negotiate a
new treaty. Under this treaty, the Amirs were required to cede important provinces as the price of their past
transgressions, to supply fuel to the Company’s steamers
plying on the Indus, and to stop minting coins.

3- The first Anglo-Sikh war was fought between the
British forces and the Sikh Empire in 1845-46 in Punjab.
It resulted in the Sikh empire’s loss and partial submission,
as well as the cession of Jammu and Kashmir as a separate
princely state under British suzerainty.

1- The Treaty of Lhasa was signed in 1904. Younghusband
dictated terms to the Tibetan officials which provided that
Tibet would pay an indemnity of Rs 75 lakh at the rate
of one lakh rupees per annum and it would respect the
frontier of Sikkim.

#132. With regard to development of art and culture after decline of Mughals, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Sindhi literature was enriched by Sittar poetry.
2. Many Urdu poets like Mirza Galib, Sauda, Nazir emerged.
3. Malayalam literature flourished under the patronage of Travancore rulers.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

After the decline of Mughal rule, many artisans seek
patronage under state courts of Hyderabad, Lucknow, Jaipur, Murshidabad etc. New schools of painting emerged and achieved distinction. The paintings of Rajutana and Kangra paintings became prominent.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Tamil language was
enriched by sittar poetry. Tayumanavar (1706-44), one of
the best exponents of sittar poetry, protested against the
abuses of temple-rule and the caste system.

Statement 2 is correct: Growth of Urdu language and
poetry was an important development of this period. Many Urdu poets like Mirza Galib, Sauda, Nazir, Mir, emerged during this period.

Statement 3 is correct: Malayalam literature flourished
under the patronage of Travancore rulers. Kanchan Nambiar was a noted Malayalam poet.

#133. The Revolt of 1857 was joined by several classes across many parts. Which among the following classes joined the revolt?
1. Modern Educated Indians
2. Moneylenders and merchants
3. Peasantry
4. Shopkeepers
5. Religious mendicants and priests
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

3, 4 and 5 only
3, 4 and 5 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 4 and 5 only
1, 4 and 5 only

The revolt of the sepoys was accompanied by a rebellion of the civil population, particularly in the northwestern provinces and Awadh. ere was a widespread
participation in the revolt by the peasantry, the artisans,
shopkeepers, day labourers, zamindars, religious
mendicants, priests, and civil servants which gave it real strength as well as the character of a popular revolt.

The peasants and petty zamindars gave free expression
to their grievances by attacking the moneylenders and
zamindars who had displaced them from the land.

Certain classes and groups did not join and, in fact, worked against the revolt. Big zamindars acted as ‘break-waters to storm’; even
Awadh Taluqdars backed off once promises of land
restitution were spelt out.

Moneylenders and merchants suffered the wrath of the
mutineers badly and, anyway, saw their class interests
better protected under British patronage.

Modern Educated Indians viewed this revolt as backward-looking, supportive of the feudal order, and as a reaction of traditional conservative forces to modernity.

#134. With reference to the third battle of Panipat, consider the following statements:
1. It led to the decline of the Marathas in the north which favoured the rise of the British.
2. This battle completely ended the Maratha power in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Third Battle of Panipat: e ird Battle of Panipat
fought on January 14, 1761 between the Marathas and forces of the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali.

Statement 1 is correct. As a result of this battle a posterity
of the Marathas ended all of a sudden. The decline of the Marathas in the north helped the rise of the Britishers.
When the Marathas tried to establish themselves in the
north, they had to struggle against the Britishers for survival. In this tug of war for supremacy, the Marathas could not get success.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The ird Battle of Panipat had a great signi cance in the history of India. It shattered the dreams of both the Mughals and the Marathas. Although the power of the Marathas was not crushed completely
as they rose soon to power, it gave a severe blow to the
glory of the Marathas. e decline in their power in the north strengthened the Sikhs in the Punjab.

#135. Consider the following statements:
1. Both Rohilakhand and Bangash were established as a result of Afghan immigration in India.
2. The kingdom of Bangash was an area of the Himalayan foothills between Kumaon in the north and the Ganga in the south.
3.The state of Rohilakhand was set up by Ali Muhammad Khan.
4. Rohilakhand was established during the reign of Farukhsiyar
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

Statement 1 is correct. The states of Rohilakhand and
the kingdom of the Bangash Pathans were indeed a fall out of the Afghan migration into India. Large scale
immigration of Afghans into India took place in mid18th century because of political and economic turmoil in
Afghanistan.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The kingdom of Rohilakhand
(and not Bangash) was an area of the Himalayan foothills
between Kumaon in the north and the Ganga in the
south.

Statement 3 is correct. Ali Muhammad Khan took advantage of the collapse of authority in north India following Nadir Shah’s invasion, to set up a petty kingdom, Rohilakhand.

Statement 4 is incorrect. Mohammad Khan Bangash, an Afghan, set up an independent kingdom of Bangash
(Rohilakhand) to the east of Delhi in the area around
Farrukhabad, during the reigns of Farrukhsiyar and
Muhammad Shah.

#136. With reference to the society of 18th century India, consider the following statements:
1. Elementary education was widespread among Hindus and Muslims.
2. Caste was the central feature of the social life of the Hindus.
3. There was widespread prevalence of slavery in society.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The society of 18th century India was characterised by
traditional outlook and stagnation. ough there existed a certain degree of broad cultural unity, people were divided
by caste, religion, region, tribe and language.

Statement 1 is correct. Elementary education among the Hindus and the Muslims was quite widespread. The Hindu and Muslim elementary schools were called
pathshalas and maktabs respectively. The education was
con ned to reading, writing, and arithmetic. Children from the lower caste sometimes attended the schools, but female presence was rare.

Statement 2 is correct. e caste was the central feature of the social life of the Hindus and the family system
was primarily patriarchal. Apart from the four varnas,
Hindus were divided into numerous sub-castes which
permanently xed their place in the social scale. ough the choice of profession was mainly determined by
caste considerations, exceptions occurred on a large scale, making caste status quite fluid in some parts of the country. Caste councils and panchayats enforced caste norms and regulations.

Statement 3 is correct. European travellers and administrators reported the widespread prevalence of slaves in India. Generally higher classes of Rajputs, Khatris and Kayasthas kept women slave for domestic work. The
advent of Europeans heightened the slavery and slave trade in India. European trading companies
purchased slaves from the markets of Bengal, Assam and Bihar and took them to the European and American market. Abyssinian slaves
were sold at Surat, Madras and Calcutta.

#137. Consider the following statements:
1. Sharif Muslims included nobles and scholars.
2. Ajlaf Muslims consisted of offcers in charge of army affairs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

2 only
2 only

Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Islam, though, enjoined social equality on the Muslims,
they too were divided by considerations of caste, race, tribe and status in the 18th century. Religious
considerations not only kept the Sunni and Shia nobles apart but also the Irani, Afghan, Turani and Hindustani
Muslim nobles and officials apart from one another.

Statement 1 is correct. The sharif Muslims consisted of
nobles, scholars, priests and army affairs.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Ajlaf Muslims were the lowerclass Muslims or backward Muslim communities. They were often looked down upon by Sharif Muslims in a
manner similar to the way of the higher caste Hindus
treated the lower-caste Hindus.

#138. Consider the following statements: Statement
1:The Battle of Plassey is regarded as the starting point of British rule in India.
Statement 2: The British gained supreme control over the affairs in entire North India after the battle of Plassey.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1
Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1

Both statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
Both statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1

Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct

Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct
Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct

The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the
troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive and the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah (Nawab of
Bengal) and his French allies. e battle was fought in the Plassey region of West Bengal, on the east of Bhagirathi River.

Statement 1 is correct. The Battle of Plassey had political
significance for British. It laid the foundation of the British Empire in India and has been rightly regarded as
the starting point of British rule in India. During the battle, strong force under the command of Robert Clive at Calcutta strengthened the English position in Bengal. Clive forged a secret alliance with the traitors of the
nawab—Mir Jafar, Rai Durlabh, Jagat Seth and Omichand,
which further strengthened the English position. Due to
the conspiracy of the nawab’s officials, the 50,000-strong
force of Siraj was defeated by a handful of Clive’s forces.
The Battle placed at the disposal of the English vast
resources of Bengal. After Plassey, the English virtually
monopolised the trade and commerce of Bengal.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Battle of Plassey established
the military supremacy of the English in Bengal. eir main rivals, the French, were ousted. The sovereignty of
the English over Calcutta (and not entire North India)
was recognised, and the English posted a Resident at the
nawab’s court. They obtained a grant of territories for
the maintenance of a properly equipped military force,
and their prestige increased manifold. But there was no
apparent change in the form of government, though the
supreme control of affairs passed to Clive, on whose support the new nawab, Mir Jafar, was entirely dependent
for maintaining his newly acquired position.

#139. Consider the following statements regarding the treaty of Allahabad.
1. It was exclusively signed between Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal.
2. The Mughal Emperor gave Diwani rights of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa to the East India Company.
3.The Nawab of Bengal retained the judicial functions but lost the diwani rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on August 12, 1765 and it was one of the turning points of Indian history. is event marks the advent of British political presence in the
Indian subcontinent. The East India Company that was
formed in 1600 AD got a strong footing in India. Before
the signing of this treaty, the EIC only had a strong trading
relation with the Indian emperors.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Treaty of Allahabad was
signed between Robert Clive, the Nawab of AwadhShuja-ud-Daulah and the Mughal emperor- Shah Alam
II. Awadh was returned to Shuja-ud-Daulah and his two
districts Koran and Allahabad were taken away. He had to
pay a war indemnity of 50 lakh rupees to the Company. Awadh was given protection by the British.

Statement 2 is correct: With the signing of the treaty,
the emperor gave Diwani’s fiscal rights to the EIC. The
area included today’s Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. The treaty gave the Company access to nearly 40,000 square
kilometres of taxable land in one of the most fertile belts in the subcontinent

Statement 3 is correct: The Nawab of Bengal retained the
judicial functions but the Company had the power to collect revenue i. e. the diwani rights. The new setup of administration, with the King being a gurative head, was
called Dual System of Government. By 1793, the Nawab was forced to give up the little power he was left with.

#140. With regard to second Anglo-Maratha war, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It was fought between the British East India Company and the united confederacy of Maratha chiefs of the Peshwas, Gaekwads, Holkars, Scindias and Bhonsle.
2. It came to an end with the defeat of Holkars and signing the Treaty of Rajpurghat.
3.This war helped British to gain control over a large part of Central India.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

Statement 1 is incorrect: Peshwa Baji Rao II fled to
British protection, and signed the Treaty of Bassein (1802)
with the British East India Company, ceding territory for
the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to
treaty with no other power. Daulat Rao Scindia, Raghuji
Bhonsle combined their forces and tried to enlist Jaswant
Rao Holkar’s support. But even in the face of such national
peril, Holkar kept himself out of the combination.
Gaikwar also remained neutral. us it was not fought by the British East India Company against the united
confederacy of Maratha chiefs of the Peshwas, Gaekwads,
Holkars, Scindias and Bhonsle.

Statement 2 is correct: The British defeated all of the
Maratha army in these conflicts. In 1803 the Scindias
signed the Treaty of Surjianjangaon, in 1803 the
Bhonsles signed the Treaty of Deogaon, by which the English obtained Cuttack, Balasore, and the region west
of the Wardha River. The Holkars signed the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1805, giving away Tonk, Bundi, and
Rampura to the British and with this it came to an end.

Statement 3 is correct: By the treaty of Deogaon (Dec.
18,1803) Bhonsle ceded the Province of Cuttack including
Balasore and all his territory west of the river Warda.
Scindia after his defeat signed the treaty of Surjiarjangao
(Dec. 30, 1803) surrendered all his territories between
the Ganges and the Jumna and his forts and territories
north of Jaipur, Jodhpur and Gohad. Ahmandnagar,
Broach and all territories west of the Ajanta hills were
also surrendered. As a result of the conflict, the British
gained control over signi cant swaths of central India.

#141. Which of the following reasons is not responsible for the defeat of the Marathas in Anglo-Maratha Wars?

Maratha Empire dependent on the taxes levied on the newly acquired state and not on the natural resources of Maharashtra.
Maratha Empire dependent on the taxes levied on the newly acquired state and not on the natural resources of Maharashtra.

The abolition of Jagirdari system.
The abolition of Jagirdari system.

The Maratha were not inspired by the spirit of nationalism.
The Maratha were not inspired by the spirit of nationalism.

The Maratha confederacy lacked the e ective organization of forces, war weapons, disciplined action and e cient leadership.
The Maratha confederacy lacked the e ective organization of forces, war weapons, disciplined action and e cient leadership.

The Marathas proved superior to the various Muslim powers that rose on the ruins of the Mughal Empire, they were inferior to the English in material resources, military
organisation, diplomacy and leadership.

Statement a is correct: Maharashtra is a hilly country,
naturally agriculture, trade or industry did not develop
there to support the country economically. erefore, the Marathas had to depend on Chauth, Sardesmukhi
and similar other cesses and imposts and depend on the
uncertain income derived from these sources.

Statement b is incorrect: The Jagirdari system grew among
the Marathas during the period of war of Independence
against Aurangzeb when every Maratha commander was
allowed to keep as his own jagir the territory captured
by his own efforts. So it was not abolished. at nally resulted in the formation of Maratha confederacy and the
Maratha empire no more remained one entity. Besides,
Maratha chiefs distributed jagirs to their officers for
facilitating collection of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi which
led to the growth of jagirdari system. The system did not
permit Maratha chiefs to centralize their economic and
thereby their military resources as well. It weakened
Maratha chiefs in all respects

Statement c is correct:e Marathas were not inspired
by any ideal in feghting the English while the latter were
inspired by the spirit of nationalism and imperialist aims. Besides, by the time the English power grew in strength in India the Marathas had already lost their vitality and therefore, they could not face the onslaught of the English and were defeated.

Statement d is correct: The military strength of the
Marathas was extremely lacking in comparison to the
English. ough not lacking in the personal prowess and valor the Maratha confederacy lacked the effective
organization of forces, in war weapons, in disciplined action and efficient leadership. The tendencies of divided
command, improper organization and treachery of the
Maratha chiefs played the foremost part for the Maratha failure in the Anglo-Maratha wars.

#142. Consider the following statements regarding Anglo-Nepalese relations:
1. To open the trade route to Tibet and China was one of the reasons behind the Anglo-Nepal War.
2. The Western boundary of Nepal was fixed as the Kali River as per the Treaty of Sagauli.
3. The Treaty of Sagauli resulted in the loss of about one-third of Nepalese territory.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

3 only
3 only

1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct: British India wanted to open
the trade route to Tibet and China via the Nepalese territory. Achieving the target would be possible only
after capturing Kathmandu- Rasuwa and Listikot,
Sikkim- Nathula pass and Kumaon- Kalapani areas. erefore, the English took the Kumaon region to be the most important (Presently in Nepal and India, it is known
as “Kalapani dispute”). It was because the English could
expand their trade route to Tibet and China through
Kumaon and it would also get fertile and arable areas.

Statement 2 is correct: e Sugauli Treaty (1816) states
that the western boundary of Nepal is the Kali River. The
present point of contention is differing interpretation on
the watershed of the Kali river. is difference of opinion goes back to 1962. India claims Kali river begins after all the tributaries meet to the east of Lipulekh, whereas Nepal
contends that the river originates in Limpiadhura to the
west of Lipulekh.

Statement 3 is correct: The treaty of Sagauli caused the
loss of about one-third of Nepalese territory including those that the Kings of Nepal had won in wars such as
Sikkim in the east, Kumaon and Garhwal in the west and
much of Terai in the south.

#143. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding subsidiary alliance system introduced by Lord Wellesly?
1. It aimed to create buffer states between the allied territory and the territory of an enemy ruler.
2. Under the system the state was not allowed to employ Europeans in its service without the consult of the company.
3. Under the system the internal affairs of the state and its foreign relation would be dictated by the company.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 only
2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

The Subsidiary Alliance system was used by Wellesley
to bring Indian states within the orbit of British political
power. The system served the dual purpose of asserting
British supremacy in India and at the same time of saving
India from menace of Napoleon

Statement 1 is incorrect: It was not the policy of
subsidiary alliance, but the policy of Ring fence which aimed to create buffer states between the allied territory
and the territory of an enemy ruler. The Indian State was to surrender its external relations to the care of the company and was to make no wars. It was to conduct
negotiations with other states through the company.

Statement 2 is correct: The ruler would not employ any
Europeans other than the British. If he was already doing
so, he would have to drop them. An Indian ruler entering
into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept
British forces in his territory. He would have to agree to
pay for their maintenance. The ruler would accept the
British people in his state.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The company was not to
interfere in the internal affairs of the state. The company
was to protect the state concerned against foreign
enemies of every sort or kind

#144. Which of the following statements is correct regarding “misls”, related to the Sikhs?

Misls were groups of o cers formed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Misls were groups of o cers formed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Misls were democratic in nature and their administration was based on Gurumatta Sangh
Misls were democratic in nature and their administration was based on Gurumatta Sangh

Misls were mainly formed to protect Punjab from the invasion of Nadir Shah.
Misls were mainly formed to protect Punjab from the invasion of Nadir Shah.

The Unity of Khalsa weakened due to powerful nature of misls.
The Unity of Khalsa weakened due to powerful nature of misls.

Misl refers to major Sikh confederacies that sought to expand Sikh rule across the Panjab.

Statement a is incorrect. These are not formed by
Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ese are powerful confederacies
of Sikhs which were organized in 12 misls and operated in different parts of the province.

Statement b is correct. ese misls are democratic in
nature and are based on principles of equality, with all
members having an equal voice in deciding the affairs of
misls. The central administration of a misl was based on
Gurumatta Sangh which was essentially a political, social
and economic system.

Statement c is incorrect. These were formed with the
withdrawal of Abdali from the Punjab. And by that time
Nadir Shah already invaded. ese were formed to
fill the political vacuum created by the withdrawal of
Ahmad Shah Abdali.

Statement d is incorrect. Unity of Khalsa weakened not
due to powerful nature of misls , but due to weakening of democratic nature of misls. When misl’s power got
weakened, the spirit of brotherhood and the unity of khalsa also disappeared as the powerful chiefs constantly
quarreled with one another and set themselves up as
independent chieftains.

#145. Consider the following statements regarding the Policy of Ring Fence.
1. This policy was enacted by Governor General Warren Hasting.
2. The British treated native rulers as subordinates while applying this policy.
3. The policy of annexation was abandoned to create buffer states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 only

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

The policy of ring fence was followed during the period
of 1765 to 1813.

Statement 1 is correct: Warren Hastings followed a
policy of ring fence. The British kept the states of their
allied rulers as buffer states between their territory and the territory of an enemy ruler and, later on, they attempted to manage their foreign policies according to
their desires with a view to checking their combination
against them

Statement 2 is incorrect: During this period, the British
treated native states as independent states. By that time, the British had not become the supreme power of India. erefore, they could not interfere everywhere nor could
claim complete sovereignty over those native rulers who
became their allies

Statement 3 is incorrect: The policy of annexation was
not abandoned to create buffer states. e buffer states
emerged initially with the idea of defence of the frontiers of the Company. With the arrival of Wellesley, the
Company’s relations with the Indian states underwent a massive change. Wellesley sought to reduce the Indian states into a position of dependence on the Company. He
aimed at bringing the Indian states under the jurisdiction of British political power and the military protection. The
policy of annexation was abandoned after the revolt of
1857 and not before that.

#146. Which of the following factors were responsible for people’s resentment against Company Rule?
1. Introduction of intermediaries between the owner and cultivator of the land.
2. Growth of absentee landlordism
3. Introduction of western education system in India
4. Suppressing local industries to make way for the British manufactured goods.
Which of the statements above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

The industrial Revolution which made it necessary for
England to look for raw materials and markets in other
countries. is necessity guided the policy of the colonial ruler in India. Indian economy was geared to serve the
interests of the British masters. The sudden signi cant changes in Indian economy during this period became a
cause of people resistance against Britishers.

Statement 1 is correct. The Britishers recognized private
ownership of land and several intermediaries came into existence in between the owner and cultivator of the land. Zamindars and others who were engaged in collecting the revenue were least concerned about the paying capacity
of the cultivators and forcefully collected the taxes.
Thus, under the colonial rule, the nexus of the official, the
landlord and the money lender combined to exploit the peasantry created discontent at various junctures & took
the form of rebellion.

Statement 2 is correct. e Speculation and investment
in land by merchants, bureaucrats and landlords led to the
growth of absentee landlordism which affected the land
ownership laws & the Non-residents and peasant were not
permitted to purchase land in excess. is created turmoil
among the peasantry and tribal classes which erupted as
rebellions in different regions of India.

Statement 3 is incorrect. ough, western education
was used to strengthen Company’s political authority in
the country, but it played more a positive role for Indian
society. It helped Indians to adopt a modern, rational,
democratic, liberal, and patriotic outlook and reformed some of the non-humanitarian social and religious
practices of the time. Hence, it was not a major factor
responsible for people’s resentment against Britishers

Statement 4 is correct. With rising demand of raw materials and looking for markets in other countries
the Britishers started to suppress local industries to
make way for the British manufactured goods. India’s
local hand loom industry was destroyed to fund its own industrialization making India one of the major cotton
exporters to the U.K. The raw materials from India were
taken to the U.K. and the nished products were sent back
to Indian markets and other parts of the world, leaving the
Indian handloom industry in shambles and taking jobs
away from local weavers.

#147. Which of the following is the immediate cause of Vellore Mutiny of 1806?

The denial to due share of the crops to the peasants by Britishers.
The denial to due share of the crops to the peasants by Britishers.

The changes in dress code of sepoys ordered by British authorities.
The changes in dress code of sepoys ordered by British authorities.

The extortionist land revenue policy by Britishers.
The extortionist land revenue policy by Britishers.

The large-scale annexation of territories by Britishers.
The large-scale annexation of territories by Britishers.

Vellore Mutiny is also known as Indian Mutiny took place in the year 1806. is incident is considered the first revolt against the British who colonized us. The
immediate cause of this mutiny by the native Indians was
due to a change in dress code ordered by the British, in
which the Muslims were ordered to shave their beards
and trim the Mustaches and the Hindus were prohibited
from wearing a tilak on their forehead. General Sir John Craddock who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army ordered the sepoys to wear a round hat that
resembled the one used by the Europeans and gave the
impression as if the Indians had converted to Christianity.
All these issues triggered the sentiments of Muslims and the Hindus, and the sepoys of the Indian natives were illtreated and punished. In this revolt, the mutineers seized
Vellore fort and killed or wounded more than 150 British troops

#148. With reference to weaknesses of People’s uprisings against British before 1857, consider the following statements:
1. The uprisings mostly arose out of local grievances
2. The leadership was backward looking and did not o er effective social alternatives.
3. The priestly classes were in complete favour of the British rule.
4. The uprisings were mainly localized.
Which of the statements above is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

The peasants, artisans, tribes, ruling classes, military personnel, religious leaders, etc fought for the protection of their interests, at times separately and at times together.
People’s resistance took in 4 forms before 1857-Civil rebellions; Tribal uprisings; Peasant movements and Military revolts.

Statement 1 and 2 are correct. They mostly arose out of local grievances. The leadership was semi-feudal in
character, backward looking traditional in outlook and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social set-up.

Statement 3 is incorrect. e priestly classes instigated
hatred and rebellion against alien rule, because the
religious preachers, priests, pundits, maulvis, etc.,
had been dependent on the traditional landed and
bureaucratic elite. The fall of zamindars and feudal lords directly affected the priestly class. Hence the ending of patronage of priestly and scholarly classes was major
factor that led to people resistance.

Statement 4 is correct. ese uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localized and occurred at different times in different regions. If any of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some national impulse or common effort, but because they were
protesting on conditions that were common to them.

#149. With reference to the major causes that resulted in the Revolt of 1857, consider the following statements:
1. The discontent and disaffection among the dispossessed ruling families and their successors.
2. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
3. Prevalence of the rampant corruption in the Company’s administration.
4. The Indian sepoy was discriminated against his British counterpart in matters of promotion and privileges.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3 only

1, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

2 and 4 only
2 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4

The Revolt of 1857 started on 10th May was a major
uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British
East India Company which functioned as a sovereign
power on behalf of the British Crown. It is also named as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great
Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection,
and the First War of Independence. It occurred as the
result of an accumulation of different factors over time, rather than any single event.

Statement 1 is correct. e East India Company created a
lot of discontent and disaffection among the dispossessed
ruling families and their successors by her conquest.
Many dependents on the ruling families who lost their
means of livelihood and other common people were
disillusioned and disaffected with the alien rule. Likethe annexation of Punjab by Lord Dalhousie adding
humiliation to the ruling family.

Statement 2 is correct. The British policy of territorial
annexations led to the displacement of many rulers
and chiefs. The vigorous application of the policies of
Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered
the ruling sections of the society. Discontent and
dissatisfaction were especially strong in those regions,
which were believed to have been lost their independence.
As a consequence of Subsidiary Alliance, lakhs of soldiers
and officers were deprived of their hereditary livelihood,
spreading misery and degradation in the country.

Statement 3 is correct. Rampant corruption in the
Company’s administration, especially among the police,
petty officials and lower law courts, was a major cause of
discontent.

Statement 4 is correct. e Indian sepoy was unhappy
with his emoluments compared to his British counterpart.
Also, the Indian sepoy was made to feel a subordinate at
every step and was discriminated against racially and in
matters of promotion and privileges

18th Century to 1857 MCQ Questions and Answers

Results

#1. The tendency for increased litigation was visible after the introduction of the land settlement system of Lord Cornwallis in 1793. the reason for this is normally traced to which of the following provisions?

#2. With reference to Ryotwari Settlement, consider the following statements: 1. The rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government. 2. The Government gave Pattas to the Ryots. 3. The lands were surveyed and assessed before being taxed. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#3. Consider the following:1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops. 2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare. 3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies.Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

#5. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule? 1. Lord Cornwallis 2. Alexander Read 3. Thomas Munro Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#6. The staple commodities of export by the English East India Company from Bengal in the middle of the 18th century were:

#7. Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley?

#8. Economically, one of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the

#9. With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs: 1. Aurang — In-charge of treasury of the State 2. Banian — Indian agent of the East India Company 3. Mirasidar — Designated revenue payer to the State Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

#12. With reference to Modern History of India, consider the following reforms: 1. Wood’s dispatch. 2. Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and ane. 3. Widow remarriage Act. 4. Suppression of thuggee. Which of the above reforms were introduced by Lord Dalhousie?

#13. Which one of the following statements is incorrect with reference to the Treaty of Sagauli signed during British period?

#16. Which of the following events happened during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Ripon? 1. Enactment of Vernacular Press Act. 2. The Second Afghan War. 3. Appointment of Hunter commission on Education. 4. The First Factory Act. Select the correct answer using the code given below

#20. Which of the statements is correct regarding the Golden Farman?

#22. With reference to the Ryotwari Settlement system, consider the following statements: 1. Settlement was made directly with the cultivators. 2.The ryot does not have to pay revenue when his produce was destroyed by drought or floods. Which of the given statements is/are correct?

#24. Which among the following crops were introduced by the Europeans in India? 1. Sugarcane 2. Tobacco 3. Cashew nut 4. Coffee 5. Cotton Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#28. Consider the following statements about Francisco De Almeida: 1. He abolished the practice of Sati in Goa. 2. He acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#29. Consider the following pairs with reference to the wars waged by East India Company and the reasons for doing so:Which of the above pairs is/ are correct?

#30. Which of the following factors was/were responsible for the decline of Portuguese power in India? 1. Diversion of Portuguese attention towards Brazil. 2. Religious policies of the Portuguese led to hostility towards them. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#31. Consider the following statements with reference to the Ahom kingdom: 1. It was founded by Chaolung Sukaphaa. 2. Assam was ceded to British India after the Treaty of Yandabo. 3. Forced labour was prevalent in the Ahom kingdom. Which of the statements given above are correct?

#33. Which of the following reforms was introduced by William Bentinck?

#34. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the socio-economic condition in 18th century India?

#35. With reference to European rule in India, consider the following events: 1. Battle of Wandiwash 2. Battle of Bedara 3. Battle of Plassey What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

#39. Consider the following pairs:Which of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?

#40. With reference to the Subsidiary Alliance, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1.The founder of Subsidiary Alliance was Lord Wellesley. 2.The rulers of Hyderabad, Mysore and Jhansi accepted the subsidiary alliance. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

#42. Arrange the conquest of states by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse policy in the chronological order: 1. Nagpur 2. Awadh 3. Jhansi 4. Satara Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#48. With reference to the Permanent Settlement System, which of the following is correct?

#49. With reference to Lord Dalhousie`s Governorship, arrange the following events in chronological order: 1. Widow Remarriage Act 2. Annexation of Punjab 3. Laying down first railway line 4. Post office Act Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

#50. In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located? 1. Broach 2. Chicacole 3. Trichinopoly Select the correct answer using the code given below.

#51. With reference to the Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar? 1. Zamindars did not perform any duty other than revenue collection. 2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#52. Consider the following pairs:Which of the pairs given above is/are incorrectly matched?

#55. With respect to Modern History, which of the following is the correct chronological order of the events given below? 1. Treaty of Gandamak 2. Treaty of Yandabo 3. Treaty of Lhasa 4. Treaty of Sugauli Select the correct order from the codes given below:

#57. With reference to Industrial development of India in 18th century, the term “Kunjali Maraikkars” is associated with?

#58. Consider the following pairs: Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

#63. Consider the following events: 1. Setting up of Durand Commission. 2. Setting up of Archaeological Survey of India. 3. Enactment of the Offcial Secrets Act. 4. Young husband’s Mission to Tibet. Which of the following events took place during the reign of Lord Curzon?

#65. With reference to the Anglo-Maratha wars, consider the following statements: 1.The battle of Bhima-Koregaon was part of second Anglo-Maratha war. 2. Lord Hastings’ actions against the Pindaris led to the third Anglo-Maratha war. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#71. Which of the following are correctly matched?Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#72. ‘Policy of Intrusive Surveillance’ was adopted by which of the following Governor–Generals?

#76. With reference to modern Indian history, ‘sunset law’ is related to which of the following?

#84. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#85. With reference to Indian history, consider the following events: 1. Signing of the Treaty of Seringapatam 2. Signing of the Treaty of Madras 3. Signing of the Treaty of Bassine 4. Signing of the Treaty of Salbai What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

#87. Which of the following is the main reason for the British to secure control of North-west India during 19th century?

#95. Consider the following statements: 1. In ryotwari settlement, the agreement was directly made with the cultivators. 2.The revenue assessment was made after the elds were separately surveyed. Which of the statements given above are correct?

#96. Which of the following is the main reason for the cultivation of indigo plantation in India by end of 18th century?

#97. In context to ‘Gomastha’ during the British India rule, which of the following statements is correct?

#100. Consider the following pairs of the leaders during the Revolt of 1857:Select the correct answer from the code given below

#104. What was the aim of a limitation law passed by British in 1859?

#106. Consider the pairs given below:Which of the pairs given above are correct?

#108. With reference to the reasons for the downfall of the Mughals, consider the following statements: 1. Shifting Allegiance of Zamindars 2. Rivalry between the nobles 3. Economic extravagance by the rulers Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#109. What was the common thread among the places like Dacca, Varanasi, Multan, Ahmedabad in 18th century India?

#114. Consider the following European powers: 1. French 2. English 3. Danes 4. Dutch 5. Portuguese Arrange chronologically the settlement of the above given European powers in India?

#117. Regarding the regional states which emerged a er the decline of Mughal empire in 18th century, which of the following statements is incorrect?

#121. Consider the following pairs with reference to leaders of the revolt of 1857 and their locationWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

#123. Consider the following pairs with reference to recapture of centres of revolt of 1857 and the respective British o cer involved:Which of the pairs given above are correct?

#126. In the context of history, Treaty of Tordesillas is associated with:

#127. With reference to the Cartaz system, which of the following statement is correct?

#129. Consider the following statements: 1. After fourth Anglo-Mysore war the new state of Mysore was handed over to Wodeyar dynasty. 2. William Bentinck took control of Mysore on grounds of misgovernance in 1831. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#131. With reference to the expansion of British Empire, consider the following events: 1. Signing of the Treaty of Lhasa 2. First Anglo-Afghan War 3. First Anglo-Sikh War. 4. Signing of the Treaty of Amritsar What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

#134. With reference to the third battle of Panipat, consider the following statements: 1. It led to the decline of the Marathas in the north which favoured the rise of the British. 2. This battle completely ended the Maratha power in India. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

#137. Consider the following statements: 1. Sharif Muslims included nobles and scholars. 2. Ajlaf Muslims consisted of offcers in charge of army affairs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#141. Which of the following reasons is not responsible for the defeat of the Marathas in Anglo-Maratha Wars?

#144. Which of the following statements is correct regarding “misls”, related to the Sikhs?

#147. Which of the following is the immediate cause of Vellore Mutiny of 1806?

#2. With reference to Ryotwari Settlement, consider the following statements:
1. The rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government.
2. The Government gave Pattas to the Ryots.
3. The lands were surveyed and assessed before being taxed.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#3. Consider the following:
1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops.
2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare.
3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies.
Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

#5. Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British rule?
1. Lord Cornwallis
2. Alexander Read
3. Thomas Munro
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#9. With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs:
1. Aurang — In-charge of treasury of the State
2. Banian — Indian agent of the East India Company
3. Mirasidar — Designated revenue payer to the State
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

#12. With reference to Modern History of India, consider the following reforms:
1. Wood’s dispatch.
2. Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and ane.
3. Widow remarriage Act.
4. Suppression of thuggee.
Which of the above reforms were introduced by Lord Dalhousie?

#16. Which of the following events happened during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Ripon?
1. Enactment of Vernacular Press Act.
2. The Second Afghan War.
3. Appointment of Hunter commission on Education.
4. The First Factory Act.
Select the correct answer using the code given below

#22. With reference to the Ryotwari Settlement system, consider the following statements:
1. Settlement was made directly with the cultivators.
2.The ryot does not have to pay revenue when his produce was destroyed by drought or floods.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?

#24. Which among the following crops were introduced by the Europeans in India?
1. Sugarcane
2. Tobacco
3. Cashew nut
4. Coffee
5. Cotton
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#28. Consider the following statements about Francisco De Almeida:
1. He abolished the practice of Sati in Goa.
2. He acquired Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#29. Consider the following pairs with reference to the wars waged by East India Company and the reasons for doing so:
Which of the above pairs is/ are correct?

#30. Which of the following factors was/were responsible for the decline of Portuguese power in India?
1. Diversion of Portuguese attention towards Brazil.
2. Religious policies of the Portuguese led to hostility towards them.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#31. Consider the following statements with reference to the Ahom kingdom:
1. It was founded by Chaolung Sukaphaa.
2. Assam was ceded to British India after the Treaty of Yandabo.
3. Forced labour was prevalent in the Ahom kingdom.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

#39. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?

#40. With reference to the Subsidiary Alliance, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1.The founder of Subsidiary Alliance was Lord Wellesley.
2.The rulers of Hyderabad, Mysore and Jhansi accepted the subsidiary alliance.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

#42. Arrange the conquest of states by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse policy in the chronological order:
1. Nagpur
2. Awadh
3. Jhansi
4. Satara
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#49. With reference to Lord Dalhousie`s Governorship, arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Widow Remarriage Act
2. Annexation of Punjab
3. Laying down first railway line
4. Post office Act
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

#50. In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located?
1. Broach
2. Chicacole
3. Trichinopoly
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

#51. With reference to the Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar?
1. Zamindars did not perform any duty other than revenue collection.
2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#52. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the pairs given above is/are incorrectly matched?

#55. With respect to Modern History, which of the following is the correct chronological order of the events given below?
1. Treaty of Gandamak
2. Treaty of Yandabo
3. Treaty of Lhasa
4. Treaty of Sugauli
Select the correct order from the codes given below:

#58. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

#63. Consider the following events:
1. Setting up of Durand Commission.
2. Setting up of Archaeological Survey of India.
3. Enactment of the Offcial Secrets Act.
4. Young husband’s Mission to Tibet.
Which of the following events took place during the reign of Lord Curzon?

#65. With reference to the Anglo-Maratha wars, consider the following statements:
1.The battle of Bhima-Koregaon was part of second Anglo-Maratha war.
2. Lord Hastings’ actions against the Pindaris led to the third Anglo-Maratha war.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#71. Which of the following are correctly matched?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#84. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

#85. With reference to Indian history, consider the following events:
1. Signing of the Treaty of Seringapatam
2. Signing of the Treaty of Madras
3. Signing of the Treaty of Bassine
4. Signing of the Treaty of Salbai
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

#95. Consider the following statements:
1. In ryotwari settlement, the agreement was directly made with the cultivators.
2.The revenue assessment was made after the elds were separately surveyed.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

#100. Consider the following pairs of the leaders during the Revolt of 1857:
Select the correct answer from the code given below

#106. Consider the pairs given below:
Which of the pairs given above are correct?

#108. With reference to the reasons for the downfall of the Mughals, consider the following statements:
1. Shifting Allegiance of Zamindars
2. Rivalry between the nobles
3. Economic extravagance by the rulers
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#114. Consider the following European powers:
1. French
2. English
3. Danes
4. Dutch
5. Portuguese
Arrange chronologically the settlement of the above given European powers in India?

#121. Consider the following pairs with reference to leaders of the revolt of 1857 and their location
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

#123. Consider the following pairs with reference to recapture of centres of revolt of 1857 and the respective British o cer involved:
Which of the pairs given above are correct?

#129. Consider the following statements:
1. After fourth Anglo-Mysore war the new state of Mysore was handed over to Wodeyar dynasty.
2. William Bentinck took control of Mysore on grounds of misgovernance in 1831.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

#131. With reference to the expansion of British Empire, consider the following events:
1. Signing of the Treaty of Lhasa
2. First Anglo-Afghan War
3. First Anglo-Sikh War.
4. Signing of the Treaty of Amritsar
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?

#134. With reference to the third battle of Panipat, consider the following statements:
1. It led to the decline of the Marathas in the north which favoured the rise of the British.
2. This battle completely ended the Maratha power in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

#137. Consider the following statements:
1. Sharif Muslims included nobles and scholars.
2. Ajlaf Muslims consisted of offcers in charge of army affairs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?